PHYS 1444 – Section 002 Lecture #1Who am I?Structure of MatterFermilab Tevatron and LHC at CERNSlide 5The Standard ModelSlide 7My Main Research InterestsSlide 9Slide 10ATLAS Forward Protons: A (10) Picosecond Window on the Higgs BosonSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Primary Web PageGradingHomeworkAttendance and Class StyleWhy Do Physics?Why Do Physics Part DeuxWhat Do Physicists Do?Brief History of PhysicsNeed for Standards and UnitsSI Base Quantities and UnitsPrefixes and their meaningsExamples 1.3 and 1.4 for Unit ConversionsUncertaintiesSignificant FiguresSlide 33Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its ConservationSlide 35Electric Charge in the AtomInsulators and ConductorsInduced ChargeSlide 39Coulomb’s LawCoulomb’s Law – The FormulaAnnouncementsTue. Jan. 18, 2011 PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew Brandt 1PHYS 1444 – Section 002 Lecture #1Tuesday Jan 18, 2007Dr. Andrew Brandt1. Syllabus and Introduction2. Chapter 21-Static Electricity and Charge Conservation-Charges in Atom, Insulators and Conductors & Induced Charge-Coulomb’s LawThanks to Dr. Yu for bringing this class into 21st Century!Please turn off your cell-phones, pagers and laptops in classTue. Jan. 18, 2011 2Who am I? •Name: Andrew Brandt (You can call me Dr. Brandt)•Office: Rm 344, CPB (Physics and Chemistry Building)•Extension: x2706, E-mail: [email protected] •Education: B.S. Physics/Economics College of William and Mary 1985; Ph. D. 1992 UCLA•My Research Area: High Energy Physics (HEP) aka Particle Physics–Collide particles (protons and protons or anti-protons) at energies equivalent to ~100 Quadrillion degrees–To understand•Fundamental constituents of matter•Interactions or forces between the constituents–A pure scientific research activity•No direct applications•Indirect applications are myriad: electricity, nuclear power, lasers, radar, internet, I-pod, I-pad, Smart phones, all of technologyPHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtTue. Jan. 18, 2011 3High Energy Physics Structure of Matter10-10m10-14m10-15m<10-18m10-9mMatter Molecule Atom NucleusuQuark<10-19mprotons, neutrons,mesons, etc.top, bottom,charm, strange,up, downCondensed matter/Nano-Science/ChemistryAtomic PhysicsNuclearPhysicsBaryon(Hadron)Electron(Lepton)10-2mPHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtTue. Jan. 18, 2011 4Fermilab Tevatron and LHC at CERN•Highest Energy proton-anti-proton collider –Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p 13M Joules on 10-4m2)Equivalent to the kinetic energy of a 20t truck at a speed 80 mi/hrChicagoTevatronp p CDFDØ•World’s Highest Energy proton-proton collider–Ecm=14 TeV (=44x10-7J/p 1000M Joules on 10-4m2)Equivalent to the kinetic energy of a 20t truck at a speed 212 mi/hrPHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtGenevaTue. Jan. 18, 2011 5DØ Detector: Run II30’ 30’ 50’ •Weighs 5000 tons•Can inspect 3,000,000 collisions/second•Records 50 collisions/second•Records ~12.5M Bytes/second•Will record 2 Peta bytes in the current run.•Has over a 100 million partsPHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtTue. Jan. 18, 2011 6The Standard Model•Assumes the following fundamental structure:Directly observed in 2000Discovered in 1995 CDF+Dzero (UTA a member)PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtTue. Jan. 18, 2011 7High Energy Art(an artist rendition of a QCD dijet eventin the DØ Detector)PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtMy Main Research Interests•Physics with Forward Proton Detectors (detect protons scattered at small angles) •Fast timing detectors•Triggering (selecting the events to write to tape): at ATLAS must choose most interesting 300 out of up to 40,000,000 events/sec•Higgs Discovery (especially Beyond the Standard Model Higgs)Tue. Jan. 18, 2011 8PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtOne of the DØ Forward Proton Detectors builtat UTA and installed in the Tevatron tunnelFermilabDØHigh-tech fanTevatron: World’s 2nd Highest Energy ColliderTue. Jan. 18, 2011 9PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtElastic Scattering Cross Section (FPD)Tue. Jan. 18, 2011 10PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtATLAS Forward Protons: A (10) Picosecond Window on the Higgs BosonA picosecond is a trillionth of a second.This door opens ~once a second, if it opened every 10 picoseconds it would open a hundred billion times in one second (100,000,000)Light can travel 7 times around the earth in one second but can only travel 3 mm in 10 psecYes, I know it’s a door, not a window!11Tue. Jan. 18, 2011 PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtATLAS Forward Proton UpgradeAFP concept: adds new ATLAS sub-detectors at 220 and 420 m upstream and downstream of central detector to precisely measure the scattered protons to complement ATLAS discovery program.These detectors are designed to run at a luminosity of 1034 cm-2s-1 and operate with standard optics (need high luminosity for discovery physics) AFP Components1) Rad-hard edgeless 3D silicon detectors with resolution ~10 m, 1rad2) Timing detectors to reject overlap background (SD+JJ+SD)3) New Connection Cryostat at 420m4) “Hamburg Beam Pipe” instead of Roman Potsbeamp’p’AFP DetectorLHC magnets420 m220 mHAndrew Brandt, University of Texas, Arlington1210 picoseconds is design goal(light travels 3mm in 10 psec!)gives large factor of background rejectionUse time difference between protons to measure z-vertex and compare with tracking z-vertexmeasured with silicon detectorPileup Background Rejection Ex: Two protons from one interaction and two b-jets from anotherForward Proton Fast TimingWHY?How?How Fast?Tue. Jan. 18, 2011 13PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew Brandt4x8 array of 5x5 mm2 fused silica barsQUARTIC is Primary AFP Timing Detector Multiple measurements with “modest” resolution simplifies requirements in all phases of system1) We have a readout solution for this option 2)We can have a several meter cable run to a lower radiation area where electronics will be located3)Segmentation is natural for this detector4)Possible optimization with quartz fibers instead of barsprotonphotonsOnly need a 40 ps measurement if you can do it 16 times: 2 detectors with 8 bars each, with about 10 pe’s per bar 14UTA, Alberta, Giessen, Stonybrook (w/help from Louvain and FNAL)MCP-PMTTue. Jan. 18, 2011 PHYS 1444-002, Dr. Andrew BrandtPhotocathodeDual MCPAnodeGain ~ 106PhotoelectronV ~ 200VV ~ 200VV ~ 2000Vphoton++MCP-PMTArradiance coating suppresses positive ion creation (NSF SBIR Arradiance, UTA, Photonis)+Ion
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