Chapter 1 25Lesson 5 – Chapter 1 and 2 Introduction to Chemistry Goals • A basic understanding of some of the most used terms in chemistry • A basic understanding of the arrangement of the periodic table Why? As we begin to discuss some very basic and fundamental concepts in chemistry, we must first begin to “speak the language”. Terms used in chemistry must be understood (and sometimes the distinctions are not obvious) and differentiated between. Additional Resources A Conceptual Introduction to Chemistry, Chapter 1, p. 2-15, 22-35; Chapter 2, p. 67-71 Prerequisites • Be ready to digest and “put in your own words” basic terms Terms Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, chemical change, chemical property, chemistry, compound, element, energy, extensive property, formula, group, halogen, heterogeneous, homogeneous, mixture, intensive property, law, law of conservation of mass, law of conservation of energy, main group element, mass, matter, metal, metalloid, noble gas, nonmetal, period, physical change, physical property, property, solution, theory, transition elements Homework Problems: Online homework portions of Chapter 1 Textbook Chapter 1: 1-44, 65-87, 95-100, 105-106 Chapter 2: 75-89 Basic Terms − Part I As each term is discussed – fill in the definition with the correct term. 1. A ____________________ is a description of something. (a) A(n) ____________________ is one which does not change with sample size. An example of this is: ____________________ (b) A(n) ____________________ is one which does change with sample size. An example of this is: ____________________ (c) A(n) ____________________ is one which describes the look, touch, feel or general appearance of something. It also describes a physical change for something. An example of this is: ____________________Lesson 5 26 (d) A(n) ____________________ is one which describes the way something reacts with itself or something else. An example of this is: ____________________ 2. ____________________ is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. 3. ____________________ is anything that has mass and occupies space. 4. ____________________ is the measure of the amount of matter in a sample. 5. The ability to do work is called ____________________. 6. When something undergoes a ____________________ the chemical properties of the substance do not change. 7. When something undergoes a ____________________ the chemical properties of the substance do change. Basic Terms − Part II 8. Identify the properties or changes as (1) physical (2) chemical (3) change (4) property (5) extensive (6) intensive. Combustion ____________________ Density ____________________ Mass ____________________ Boiling ____________________ Hardness ____________________ Resistance to corrosion ____________________ Classification of Matter − Part I As each term is discussed – fill in the definition with the correct term. 9. A(n) ____________________ is a group of atoms with similar properties. 10. A(n) ____________________ is the chemical combination of two more elements.Chapter 1 2711. A(n) ____________________ is the physical combination of two or more pure substances. 12. A(n) ____________________ mixture is one in which the two or more pure substances are visibly identifiable. 13. A(n) ____________________ mixture is one in which the two or more pure substances are not visibly identifiable, this is also called a(n) ____________________. 14. Fill in the figure. Classification of Matter − Part II 15. Classify as (1) element (2) compound (3) homogeneous mixture or (4) heterogeneous mixture. (a) Coffee ___________ (b) Hydrogen gas (H2) ___________ (c) Vinegar (acetic acid and water) ___________ (d) Sugar ___________ (e) Chunk monkey ice cream ___________ (f) Mercury (Hg) ___________ (g) Acetic acid (CH3COOH) ___________ (h) Air (N2 and O2) ___________Lesson 5 28 Periodic Table − Part I As each term is discussed – fill in the definition with the correct term. 16. Columns on the periodic table are called ____________________. 17. Rows on the periodic table are called ____________________. 18. In general, ____________________ have more properties in common and therefore are given names. (a) Group I is called the ____________________. (b) Group II is called the ____________________. (c) Groups 3 – 12 are collectively called the ____________________. (d) Groups 1 and 2 and groups 13 through 18 (or III through VIII) are collectively called the ____________________. (e) Group 17 or VII is called the ____________________. (f) Group 18 or VIII is called the ____________________. 19. Identify the groups from 18 (a) through 18 (f) on the periodic table below. Fill in one element for each. 123456789101113III1214IV15V16VI17VII18VIII123456767The Periodic Table of the ElementsChapter 1 2920. A ____________________ has the general properties of conductive (both electrical and thermal), malleable, ductile, and solid (in the standard state). Give two elements which belong to this category ____________________ and ____________________. 21. A ____________________ has the general properties of non-conductive, brittle, and gas or liquid (in the standard state). Give two elements which belong to this category ____________________ and ____________________. 22. A semi-conductor is a(n) ____________________. Give one element in this category ____________________. 23. Shade in (or use patterns) each of these three categories of elements on the periodic table below. 123456789101113III1214IV15V16VI17VII18VIII123456767The Periodic Table of the Elements Periodic Table − Part II 24. For the list elements assign which group and period there are in (by number) and by name (if named). Give the general classification also as (1) metal, (2) nonmetal, (3) metalloid, (4) main group element, (5) transition metal, (6) rare earth element. (a) Radium (Ra) ________________________________________ (b) Uranium (U) ________________________________________ (c) Neon (Ne) ________________________________________ (d) Zinc (Zn) ________________________________________ (e) Calcium (Ca) ________________________________________ (f) Iodine (I) ________________________________________Lesson 5 30 (g) Carbon