ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Linear SolenoidsOutlineReference listTo explore further (survival pointers of web references etc)Major applicationsBasic working principleBasic working equationsBasic Working ConfigurationMajor SpecificationsLimitationsModeling of a solenoid’s responseNeat applications of solenoidsSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17ConclusionECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Linear SolenoidsPrepared by: Jonathan BlackDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University T: (435)797-1000; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.)W: http://3/9/200701/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-2Outline –Reference list–To probe further–Major applications–Basic working principle illustrated–A typical sample configuration in application (application notes)–Major specifications–Limitations–Neat applications of solenoids01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-3Reference list•Bishop, Chiu, et. al(2002) “The Mechatronics Handbook”, CRC Press LLChttp://engnetbase.com/books/774/0066ch20.pd•K. Harmer, G.W. Jewel1 and D. Howe(2002) “Transient performance of a short-stroke linear solenoid actuator”IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl. Vol. 149, No. 5, September, pg 379-384•The Solenoid Companyhttp://www.thesolenoidcompany.com/medical_applications.php•Nipro Europe NVhttp://www.nipro-europe.com/hemodialysis_machines.asp•Parmekohttp://www.parmeko.co.uk/html/applications.html•Samarins.comhttp://www.samarins.com/glossary/starter.html•http://www.pd.com/rww/plane.html•Richard Condon(2003) Industrial WaterWorld, PennWell Corporationhttp://ww.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Article_ID=190516&pc=gls•University of Surreyhttp://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/projects/solengine.html01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-4To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) •Search with this key words like linear solenoid, using search engines like Google. The USU library has a great electrical data base under the topics of engineering and technology, use EIcompendex and engnetbase.com•Searching for costs and specifications it is useful to use industrial like globalspec.com01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-5Major applications •Linear solenoids are applicable to any situation that calls for linear action.•Automotive, solenoid in the starter motor that will engage the flywheel or transmission to start the vehicle. •Medical (dialysis machine).•Hydraulic and pneumatics, valves can be controlled with solenoids (sprinkler systems). •Aerospace industry, (fly by wire systems).01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-6Basic working principle Bishop, Chiu, et. al (ch 20, pg5)Basic idea of a solenoid is to produce a electro-magnetic field. The electro-magnetic field will then produce a electromotive force (emf). The emf will give a force (typically a pull) to a magnetic material that will then move. Like in motors and other electromagnetic devices the moving magnetic material is typically ferrous (contains iron).01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-7Basic working equations B H 0F i B e m f Edd t B d AWhere, B is the magnetic flux density, H is the magnetic field strength, μ0 is the permeability constant of the magnetic material, i is the current through the coils, F is the magnetic force, E is the electric potential. These equations help when thinking of the mechanics of a solenoid. Remember what is a vector and what is a scalar.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-8Basic Working Configuration “The magnetic force generated is approximately proportional to the square of the applied current I and is inverse proportional to the square of the air gap δ, . . . “Bishop, Chiu, et. al (Ch 20, p 6)Bishop, Chiu, et. al (ch 20, pg7)Fi22A longer stroke of the solenoid with out sacrificing force can be accomplished by applying a bevel to the shaft and the frame. By doing so the stroke is increased but the air gap is still small. This has it’s limits see graph.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-9Major Specifications •Force, the diving push or pull (lbf, or Newtons).•Holding force, force that keeps shaft in position.•Operating temperature, the max and min temperatures the actuator can work. •Duty cycle, the amount of time the solenoid can be energized. Typically limited due to heat build up. •Response time, time to complete the stroke once coil is energized. •Power, needed to energize, typically in watts.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-10Limitations •The greater the force required the shorter the stroke.•Duty cycles on high force solenoids is typically high. •If the application calls for continuous operation with a 100% duty cycle then the force is usually small.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-11Modeling of a solenoid’s responseHarmor, Jewell, and Howe (p380-381)The position of the armature or shaft of the solenoid can be measured and controlled. Harmor and associates have made models to predict the position of the shaft of the solenoid. This can be done very similarly with motors as well, but with angular position.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-12Neat applications of solenoidsRichard CondonSolenoids actuate diagrams or plungers that stop and control water and fluid flow.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-13Neat applications of solenoidshttp://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/projects/solengine.htmlMake an engine with solenoids. It works similar to the gasoline. The linear motion of the expanding piston is replaced with a actuating solenoid.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-14Neat applications of solenoids“Inside dialysis machines, two solenoids act in tandem to control differing levels of blood flow during the dialysis process. Plastic tubes
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