1Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides1Psychology 372Physiological PsychologySteven E. Meier, Ph.D.Neuronal StructuresThe Synapse2Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyContains Three Sets of Structures• Presynaptic Element and its structures•Synaptic Cleft• Postsynaptic Element and its structures.• Also contains other structures•Neurofilaments• Glial is nearby • Other enzymes3Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyPresynaptic Element• Contains the structures in the lipid bilayer• Contains other structures• Synaptic Vesicles• Channels•Na, K, Ca• Receptor sites from other axons• Presynaptic Membrane• Autorecetors• Reuptake channels•Others4Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyXXXXXXXXXXXXXCalcium Chann elsSynaptic VesiclesReuptake ChannelsAutoreceptorsXXXXXRe ce pto rsMicrotubulePre syn a pti c Mem branePresynaptic Element5Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyPost Synaptic Element• Has a post synaptic membrane• Contains receptor sites to receive neurotransmitters• Contains channels for ion influx•Usually Na• Contains other structures•Protein Kinases•Adentyl Cyclase6Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyReceptor SitesIon ChannelsPost Synaptic ElementPost Synaptic MembranePost Synaptic Element27Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologySpace in the Middle• Pre and Post Synaptic elements do not touch each other• Space in the middle is called the Synaptic Cleft.• Contains neurofilaments• Are bands of fibers that keep both structures close to each other.8Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyPost Synaptic ElementPost Synaptic ElementSpace in the MiddleSynaptic Cleft9Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologySynapse Types• Three types•Axosomatic Synapse• Axodendritic Synapse•Axoaxonic Synapse10Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyAxosomatic Synapse• Makes a connection with a soma• Tend to be more regulatory11Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyAxodendritic Synapse• Makes a connection with a dendrite• Tend to be excitatory12Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyAxoaxonic Synapse• Makes a connection with an axon or related structure.• Tend to be inhibitory313Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyElectrical Synapses• Gap Junction• Does not use a chemical-electrical working mechanism• Uses an electrical charge to create depolarization• Much ra rer that chemical-electrical
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