Design Goals and Interrelationship among Core Design Parameters#2 Reduction in O&M Cost#3 Reduce Spent Fuel Inventory (holding fuel cycle cost level)Typical Nuclear Plant Operating HistoryTime Periods in an Operating CyclePlant Operating CharacteristicsEffect of Cycle Length on Plant Operating Factors (assuming a 30 day refueling outage length, TRO) and 30 Day Idle Time PeriodEquivalent Annulus Representation of the pin cell geometry and the inverted or matrix cell geometry9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas1Design Goals and Interrelationship among Core Design ParametersCourse 22.39, Lecture 29/11/06Professor Neil Todreas9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas2Major Design ChoicesPWR GFRCoolantNeutron Spectrum FuelFuelDecay Heat Removal SystemPower Conversion CycleWaterThermalUO2• Active (Gen II)• Passive (AP1000and ESBWR)RankineHe or SCO2FastDispersion in Matrix CERCER(U-TRU) C/SiCActive or PassiveBrayton withSupercritical CO2Or Helium9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas3Principle PWR Design Challenges#1 Reduction of Capital CostDesign Approaches:• Constructability ¾ Modularity, Informatics, Construction Techniques• Design Approach¾ Safety by Natural Phenomena¾ Unique ApproachesFiltered, Vented ContainmentContainment in Cooling TowerSteam Generators outside ContainmentRapid Refueling Technology9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas4#2 Reduction in O&M CostDesign and Management Objectives:• Reduce Operator Burden• Reduce Plant Operating Staff9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas5#3 Reduce Spent Fuel Inventory (holding fuel cycle cost level)Design Approaches• Increase Fuel Burnup• Increase Plant Thermal Efficiency• Separation of Actinides• Reprocessing of Actinides9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas6Typical Nuclear Plant Operating HistorySource: 22.39 “Class Note I”9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas7Time Periods in an Operating CycleOperation Outages within Operator Control Outages outside Operator ControlUnplanned Outages (UO)TUOPlanned Outages (PO)TPOOutageExtension (EO)TEOForcedOutage(FO)TFORefueling Outage(RO)TROMaintenance Outage(MO)TMOIdle Outages (I)TIAt PowerEffective Full PowerPeriod,EFPP9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas8Plant Operating CharacteristicsSource: 22.39 “Class Note I”9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas9Effect of Cycle Length on Plant Operating Factors (assuming a 30 day refueling outage length, TRO) and 30 Day Idle Time Period, TI, outside the Plant Operator’s Control0.70.750.80.850.90.9510 10203040506070Operating Cycle Length, Tc (calendar months)Unit Operating Factor 0% FLR 2% FLR 4% FLR 0% FLR 2% FLR 4% FLRLCB LCSource: 22.39 “Class Note I”9/11/06 Design GoalsProfessor Neil Todreas10Equivalent Annulus Representation of the pin cell geometry and the inverted or matrix cell geometrySource: 22.39 “Class Note
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