Psychology 100 Spring 2003 Madigan FORM A p. 1KEY PSYCHOLOGY 100 TEST #3Behavior Genetics01. Crossing-over and assortment are two processes that:a. directly influence mate choiceb. produce variability in the genomes of siblingsc. ensure that important traits will be transmitted from parents to childd. oppose each other02. Scott and Fuller’s breeding experiments with dogs showed that:a. fear of human strangers seemed to be controlled by a single dominant geneb. hybrid animals when mated produced fearful offspring 90% of the timec. fearfulness could be not be produced in either breed when raised in isolation from peopled. all of the above03. Heritability refers to the proportion of: a. genetic influence involved in a particular trait in a particular individual. b. % of the variability in a trait due to genetic differences in a population. c. genes that two particular individuals have in common. d. genes that a parent will pass on to his or her offspring for a given trait.04. Which of the following is/are true of the measurement of heritability:a. it produces statistical estimates rather then exact valuesb. it can vary from 0 to 100, in principlec. heritability of a given trait can vary over populations and over timed. all of the above05. Which of the following heritable traits have been successfully bred in controlled breeding experiments:a. fearfulnessb. aggressivenessc. drinking preferencesd. all of the above06. In Tryon’s experiment on selective breeding for maze-learning ability, after three generationsa. maze-bright animals had more cortical cells than maze-dull animalsb. maze-bright animals were easier to reinforce than maze-dull animalsc. maze-bright animals were generally healthier than maze-dull animalsd. it wasn’t clear what systems had been changed by the breeding procedurePsychology 100 Spring 2003 Madigan FORM A p. 207. Suppose that weight has a heritability of .60. If a large random sample of people were kept on the same diet reduced calorie diet for a long period of time, the heritability estimate of weight in this sample would necessarily ____________.a. increaseb. decreasec. increase or decrease, depending on initial weightd. not change08. With respect to heritability complex traits such as shyness or intellect, which of the following is/are not presently well-understood:a. what the specific gene products are that produce variation in the behaviorb. how many genes are involvedc. exactly what parts or processes of the nervous system show heritable differencesd. all of the above09. Which process results in the faithful duplication of genetic material? a. genotyping b. crossing over c. mitosis d. meiosis 10. The “pedigree analysis” presented in the textbook shows how ________________ is responsible for _____________.a. single dominant gene; specific language disorderb. shared environment; shynessc. several genes; shynessd. several dominant genes; aggressiveness11. Purebred basenji hounds are fearful and purebred cocker spaniels are not. If this difference is due entirely to a single dominant gene promoting fearfulness, then about what percentage of F1 offspring of cockers and basenjis should show high fear? a. 0 percent b. 50 percentc. 75 percent d. 100 percent 12. The treatment for PKU--a disorder involving the enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine--includes regulating the individual's diet in order to reduce the intake of phenylalanine. This is evidence that: a. PKU is a recessive gene disorder.b. PKU manifests itself in every individual carrying one of the defective genes.c. environmental treatments can be effective for genetic disorders.d. environment plays a more important role in the development of PKU than do genes.Psychology 100 Spring 2003 Madigan FORM A p. 313. Why is the strain difference produced by Tryon not appropriately characterized in terms of “brightness” or “dullness”? a. later studies found Tryon's dull rats to be just as good if not better than the bright ones at other learning tasks. b. visual acuity was determined to be the underlying ability that changed in the two strains, not learning ability itself. c. with each generation the two strains became increasingly similar, until by the seventh-generationthere was almost total overlap in ability. d. the concept of intelligence cannot be applied to non-human animals14. What kind of research on heritability of traits in humans is rarest:a. twin studiesb. adoption studiesc. pedigree studiesd. controlled experimentationIntelligence15. The first scale to measure intelligence (Binet’s scale) made use of:a. teacher ratings of classroom performanceb. measures of a child’s reaction timesc. skull circumferenced. EEG signals16. The percentage of the population with Wechsler (WAIS) IQ scores above 115 isa. about 30%b. dependent mainly on the ages involved c. about 16%d. about 3 %17. Performance on classroom tests in specific subject matters most probably reflectsa. fluid intelligenceb. crystallized intelligencec. both fluid and crystallized intelligenced. fluid intelligence and g 18. Tests of ____________ are more likely to involve ___________ than are tests of ____________.a. fluid intelligence; motor skills; crystallized intelligenceb. novel or unfamiliar material; fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligencec. perception; fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligenced. mental self-government; g-related functions; s-related functionsPsychology 100 Spring 2003 Madigan FORM A p. 419. Studies of the relationship between aging and intelligence indicate that:a. fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence both declineb. crystallized intelligence remains fairly constant from adolescence to old agec. fluid intelligence shows some decline starting at around age 30-40 d. fluid and crystallized intelligence remain fairly constant from adolescence to old age20. According to g theory, what would you expect to find if you computed the correlation betweenthe Raven reasoning test and the vocabulary test that you took in discussion section for this class:a. a moderate to large positive correlationb. a small (<