Modernizing the NASSurveillance and NavigationInfrastructuresTopicsNAS Surveillance TodayToday’s Surveillance System CoverageOperating and MaintainingToday’s Surveillance InfrastructureMotivation for Modernizing theSurveillance InfrastructureA Potential FutureSurveillance InfrastructureSurveillance Coverage ComparisonAutomatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) ArchitectureTarget Report ComparisonComparison of FAA CostsADS-B AvionicsAir Transport ADS-B Transition Costs(2004 $)(Dual Transponder)Cost of ADS-B Compliance ($M)Surveillance Modernization SummaryEvolution of NAS Nav/Landing SystemsMotivation for Modernizing theNavigation InfrastructureHow Many Ground Navaids Can Be Divested?Navigation Modernization SummaryAccuracy ComparisonGeneral Aviation ADS-B Transition Costs(2004 $)(Dual Transponder TP and TJ Only)Potential ADS-B Equipage MandatesNDB Divestment (CONUS) ExamplePossible NDB Divestment (CONUS) Action PlanPossible NDB Divestment (CONUS) Action Plan (concluded)© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Modernizing the NASSurveillance and NavigationInfrastructuresPresented at NEXTOR’s NAS Infrastructure Management ConferenceDavid HamrickDirector, Safety and Performance-Based ServicesSeptember 9, 20052©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Topics• Today’s infrastructures• Why modernize?• Potential future infrastructures• Aircraft equipage requirements• Cost impacts3©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.NAS Surveillance Today709 Radars in CONUS7 PRM319 Skinpaint338 Beacon45 ASDEUnitF&ECosts$7.9M $2.4M $4.4M $26.4MBeacon Radars are the Backbone- 206 Terminal radars- 132 En route radars4©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Today’s Surveillance System Coverage338 Backbone Beacon RadarsCoverage at 1, 3, 5, 12, 18K ftAbove Ground LevelCoverage Overlap at 12K ft Above Ground LevelThe coverage is excellent, but is also very costly!5©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Operating and MaintainingToday’s Surveillance InfrastructureLegacy Surveillance Cost (F&E)01002003004002005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040YearCost ($M)Acquisition cycles for ASDE-X, ATCBI-6, and ASR-11 nearing completionReplacement programs forMode-S, ASR-9, PRM, and LRRReplacement programs for ASDE-X , ATCBI-6, and ASR-11Legacy Surveillance Cost (O&M)01002002005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040YearCost ($M)Legacy Investment Replacement Cost$7B F&E / $6B O&M (35 years)Legacy Investment Replacement Cost$7B F&E / $6B O&M (35 years)6©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Motivation for Modernizing theSurveillance Infrastructure• Reduce cost– Equipment– Maintenance• Improve service– Increased target accuracy– Increased target update rate– More robust surveillance data distribution• Add new services– Cockpit display of traffic information– Down linking of aircraft information, e.g., intentBudget shortfallsIncreasedair traffic &complexityIncreasedcontroller workload7©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.A Potential FutureSurveillance InfrastructureAutomatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B)Primary System566 ADS-B Ground StationsSENSIS UAT GBTThales AntennaBackup System161 Radars47 Terminal114 En routeA significant reduction in equipment complexity and cost!8©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Surveillance Coverage ComparisonAGL Coverage Overlap at 12K ftAGL Coverage at 1, 3, 5, 12, 18K ft338 SSR Backbone(206 Terminal, 132 En Route)AGL Coverage Overlap at 12K ftAGL Coverage at 1, 3, 5, 12, 18K ft566 GBTs (497 Terminal + 69 En Route)AGL Coverage Overlap at 12K ftAGL Coverage at 1, 3, 5, 12, 18K ft161 Radars (47 Terminal, 114 En Route)Potential FutureTodayAGL = Above Ground Level9©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) ArchitectureTrackReportsControl FacilityADS-BADS-BTIS-BFIS-BSurveillance SystemsFIS SystemsUAT or1090ES†Tx/RxRadarSitesFIS-B*GroundBasedTransceivers(GBT’s)Ground BroadcastServersADS-BTIS-B**ADS-BFISFlight Monitoring(Limited)TargetReportsTIS-BSurveillance ProcessingATC Automation†ADS-B†UAT and/or1090ES†UAT and/or1090ES†Identifies: Current Capabilities†Future Capabilities* FIS-B on UAT only** TIS-B not presently available on 1090ES10©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Target Report ComparisonTypical Radar Position and TrackerEstimatesTypical ADS-B Position andEstimates11©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Comparison of FAA CostsBase Year 2005 DollarsLegacy Surveillance Cost (F&E)01002003004002005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040YearCost ($M)Acquisition cycles for ASDE-X, ATCBI-6, and ASR-11 nearing completionReplacement programs forMode-S, ASR-9, PRM, and LRRReplacement programs for ASDE-X , ATCBI-6, and ASR-11Legacy Surveillance Cost (O&M)01002002005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040YearCost ($M)Legacy vs. ADS-B Surveillance Cost (F&E)Surveillance w/ ADS-BLegacy SurveillanceLegacy vs. ADS-B Surveillance Cost (O&M)Surveillance w/ ADS-BLegacy SurveillanceInsertion WindowLegacy Investment Replacement Cost$7B F&E / $6B O&MLegacy Investment Replacement Cost$7B F&E / $6B O&MSurveillance With ADS-B Investment$4B F&E / $5B O&MA Savings of $4B to FAA over 35 YearsSurveillance With ADS-B Investment$4B F&E / $5B O&MA Savings of $4B to FAA over 35 Years*Source: CIP and Radar Program Management Information Graph courtesy of SF-21 Program Office12©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.ADS-B Avionics“Broadcast Out”(Transmit Only)“CDTI”(Transmit & Receive)Garmin MX-20Multifunction DisplayGeneralAviationGarmin GDL-90ADS-B UATCDTI on PFDRockwell-Collins TDR-94TransponderAirTransport13©2005 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Air Transport ADS-B Transition Costs(2004 $)(Dual Transponder)Constant Year (2004) Unit Cost ($K) 2004 - 2008 2009 - 2012 2013 - 2016 2017 - 2020Path 1 (NE -> CDTI) 251.5$ 251.5$ 251.5$ 251.5$ Path 2 (NE -> BCST 169.0$ 169.0$ 169.0$ 169.0$ Path 3 (L -> CDTI) 123.4$ 123.4$ 123.4$ 123.4$ Path 4 (L -> BCST) 25.5$ 25.5$ 25.5$ 25.5$ Path 5 ( BCST -> CDTI) 81.2$ 81.2$ 81.2$ 81.2$ Path 1 (NE -> CDTI) 564.3$ 564.3$ 564.3$ 564.3$ Path 2 (NE -> BCST 143.5$ 143.5$ 143.5$ 143.5$