The U.S. Military and the History of ComputingNecessity is the mother of…Manual CalculatorsNapier’s BonesSlide 5Mechanical CalculatorsSchickard’s CalculatorJacquard's loomSlide 9Slide 10Faster and ElectronicMilitary DilemmasWeapons of WarFiring TablesENIACSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19The Trinity BombWolfpacksEnigmaColossusFuture of TechnologyWould you have invested?Lab AssignmentLinksThe U.S. Military and the The U.S. Military and the History of ComputingHistory of ComputingWar! War! What is it good for? What is it good for? Absolutely Nothing!Absolutely Nothing!-Edwin Starr-Edwin StarrNecessity is the mother of…Necessity is the mother of…Thank the U.S. Thank the U.S. Military for: Military for: Game consolesGame consolesCell phonesCell phonesInternetInternetOnStar and GPSOnStar and GPSiPodsiPodsPersonal ComputersPersonal ComputersDigital camerasDigital camerasEmailEmailText messagingText messagingManual CalculatorsManual Calculators1200 BC - The abacus1200 BC - The abacus1600 AD – John Napier & 1600 AD – John Napier & Napier’s BonesNapier’s Bones1621 AD – William Oughtred 1621 AD – William Oughtred Slide RuleSlide RuleNapier’s BonesNapier’s BonesNapier’s BonesNapier’s Boneshttp://nrich.maths.org/public/terms.phpMechanical CalculatorsMechanical Calculators1500 AD - Da Vinci sketches a 1500 AD - Da Vinci sketches a mechanical calculatormechanical calculator1623 – Wilhelm Schickard’s 1623 – Wilhelm Schickard’s CalculatorCalculator1642 – Blaise Pascal invents 1642 – Blaise Pascal invents the Pascalinethe Pascaline1673 – Gottfried W. von 1673 – Gottfried W. von Leibniz CalculatorLeibniz Calculator1800 - Joseph-Marie 1800 - Joseph-Marie Jacquard's loomJacquard's loomPhotos courtesy IBMPhotos courtesy IBMSchickard’s CalculatorSchickard’s CalculatorJacquard's loomJacquard's loomJacquard's loomJacquard's loomMechanical CalculatorsMechanical Calculators1822 – Charles Babbage creates the 1822 – Charles Babbage creates the Difference Engine and designs the Difference Engine and designs the Analytical EngineAnalytical Engine1890 – Herman Hollerith created the 1890 – Herman Hollerith created the Hollerith Tabulating Machine for the 1890 Hollerith Tabulating Machine for the 1890 CensusCensusFaster and ElectronicFaster and Electronic1937 – Alan Turing invents the Turing 1937 – Alan Turing invents the Turing machinemachine1937-42 – John Atanasoff- Clifford Berry 1937-42 – John Atanasoff- Clifford Berry Create the ABC MachineCreate the ABC Machine1938 – Konrad Zuse developed the Z31938 – Konrad Zuse developed the Z31944 - Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper 1944 - Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper build the Harvard Mark I Computerbuild the Harvard Mark I ComputerMilitary DilemmasMilitary DilemmasI can’t see the enemy.I can’t see the enemy.The earth really is The earth really is round!round!What is 50 MPH?What is 50 MPH?Hello? Is there anyone Hello? Is there anyone out there? Can anyone out there? Can anyone hear me.hear me.Photo courtesy of HasbroWeapons of WarWeapons of WarIncreased rangeIncreased rangeIncreased speedIncreased speedAdvanced flightAdvanced flightIndustrial ageIndustrial ageIncreasingly complex Increasingly complex engineering and engineering and manufacturingmanufacturingAdvanced Advanced communicationscommunicationsPhoto courtesy of WikipediaFiring TablesFiring Tables1943-45 – ENIAC1943-45 – ENIACElectronic Numerical Integrator and ComputerElectronic Numerical Integrator and ComputerUsed to create firing tablesUsed to create firing tables10 feet tall10 feet tall1,000 square feet of floor space1,000 square feet of floor spaceWeighed 30 tonsWeighed 30 tons70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 switches, and 18,000 vacuum tubesswitches, and 18,000 vacuum tubesENIACENIAChttp://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/ENIACENIAChttp://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/ENIACENIAChttp://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/ENIACENIAChttp://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/ENIACENIACWhile ENIAC did make calculating firing While ENIAC did make calculating firing tables easier, ENIAC was not being used tables easier, ENIAC was not being used to it’s full potential.to it’s full potential.A scientist named John Von Neumann A scientist named John Von Neumann wanted to calculate the maximum yield for wanted to calculate the maximum yield for the new bomb being created and asked to the new bomb being created and asked to use ENIAC because it was faster than the use ENIAC because it was faster than the Mark I. The calculated results were Mark I. The calculated results were unbelievable.unbelievable.The Trinity BombThe Trinity BombPhoto courtesy of The National ArchivesWolfpacksWolfpackshttp://www.lewrockwell.comEnigmaEnigmaCryptographyCryptographyEnigma and Lorenz Enigma and Lorenz machinesmachinesGeheimschreiber and Geheimschreiber and FISHFISHPhoto courtesy of WikipediaColossusColossusNo longer just an No longer just an adding machineadding machineFirst electronic digital First electronic digital programmable programmable computercomputerLimited programmingLimited programmingAfter the war it was After the war it was ordered to be ordered to be destroyeddestroyedFuture of TechnologyFuture of TechnologyAfter WW2 population became educatedAfter WW2 population became educatedThe Military took a major initiative in The Military took a major initiative in technology developmenttechnology developmentHollerith showed the business world Hollerith showed the business world money could be made with technology money could be made with technology developmentdevelopmentTradition of eccentric hobbyists continue Tradition of eccentric hobbyists continue to this day- Apple IIto this day- Apple IIWould you have invested?Would you have invested?Lab AssignmentLab AssignmentWrite a 2-3 page about Alan TuringWrite a 2-3 page about Alan