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UMD ENSE 623 - Systems Engineering Design Project

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Systems Engineering Design Project (ENPM-643) Instructor: Mark A. Austin Smart School ID System Submitted By: Alpa Kothari, Neha DuaTable of Contents 1. Introduction Purpose: Setup Problem Topics: Overview of Smart School ID system architecture, system framework and boundary, terminology. 2. Goals, Scenarios and Use Cases Purpose: Develop use cases, scenarios and system requirements Topics: Goals and Scenarios, actors, initial use cases 3. Generation of Requirements from Use Cases Purpose: Generate system/ subsystem requirements Topics: Generate the high level or system requirements from the use cases, synthesize and break down high level requirements into low level requirements, organize the requirements into layers, traceability of requirements to use cases 4. Models of System Behavior Purpose: Create simplified models of behavior Topics: Activity Diagrams, Statechart Diagrams 5. System Specifications Purpose: Generate the specifications for the component requirements Topics: Assign qualitative and quantitative values to requirements and generate specifications. 6. Component System Testing, Validation and Verification Purpose: Develop Procedures of system test, verification and validation Topics: Primary verification plan, verification traceability matrix 7. Conclusion 8. References1. PROBLEM STATEMENT Security and student accountability is a major concern in schools these days. Nowadays, many schools in the US, UK, Japan and India are considering alternatives and solutions in order to incorporate access control and tracking mechanisms and also to automate attendance reconciliation. The purpose of this project is to apply the systems engineering principles to propose the Smart School ID System. The Smart School Id system is a presence detection and access control system designed to restrict any unauthorized access and allow tracking of students/staff and visitors inside the school. Our objective in this project is to use our knowledge of UML to analyze the system requirements, functions & specifications and use systems validation and verification strategies to put forward a robust test procedure. 1.1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, automatic identification procedures have become very popular in many service industries, purchasing and distribution logistics, manufacturing companies, material flow systems and recently schools. The barcode labels that had triggered a revolution in identification systems some time ago are being found to be inadequate in an increasing number of cases. Barcodes might be extremely cheap, but they have a very low storage capacity and they cannot be reprogrammed. Optical character recognition was first used in the 1960s. Even though it supports a high density of information and a possibility of reading the data visually, OCR systems have failed to become universally applicable because of their high price and the complicated readers that they require. Biometric procedures (voice identification & Fingerprinting) are secure but are ideally used in High security, low traffic areas. Smart cards are ideal where undesired access and manipulation of data is a risk, but their flexibility can be enhanced by using contactless smart cards using the RFID technology. Some of the advantages of RFID over Barcode – Human intervention is required to scan a barcode, whereas in most applications an RFID tag can be detected "hands off." – Barcodes must be visible on the outside of product packaging. RFID tags can be detected regardless of their orientation – You must have "line of sight" to read a barcode. Line of sight is not required for RFID tagged objects – The readability of barcodes can be impaired by dirt, moisture, abrasion, or packaging contours. RFID tags are not affected by those conditions. – RFID tags have a longer read range than barcodes. – RFID tags have read/write memory capability; barcodes do not. – More data can be stored in an RFID tag than can be stored on a barcode. In general terms, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a means of identifying a person or object using a radio frequency transmission. It uses radio waves to automatically identify physical objects (either living beings or inanimate items). Therefore, the range of objects identifiable using virtually everything. Thus, RFID is an example of automatic identification (Auto-ID) technology by which a physical object can be identified automatically.Communication takes place between a reader (interrogator) and a transponder (Silicon Chip connected to an antenna) often called a tag. Tags can either be active (powered by battery) or passive (powered by the reader field), and come in various forms including Smart cards, Tags, Labels, watches and even embedded in mobile phones. The communication frequencies used depends to a large extent on the application, and range from 125KHz to 2.45 GHz. Regulations are imposed by most countries (grouped into 3 Regions) to control emissions and prevent interference with other Industrial, Scientific and Medical equipment (ISM).1.1.1 HOW RFID WORKS An RFID system is an integrated collection of components that implement an RFID solution. – Tag. This is a mandatory component of any RFID system. – Reader. This is a mandatory component, too. – Reader antenna. This is another mandatory component. Some current readers available today have built-in antennas – Controller. This is a mandatory component. However, most of the new-generation readers have this component built in to them. – Sensor, actuator, and annunciator. These optional components are needed for external input and output of the system. – Host and software system. Theoretically, an RFID system can function independently without this component. Practically, an RFID system is close to worthless without this component. – Communication infrastructure. This mandatory component is a collection of both wired and wireless network and serial connection infrastructure needed to connect the previously listed components together to effectively communicate with each other. In a typical


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UMD ENSE 623 - Systems Engineering Design Project

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