Exam 3 Review Key 2009 1 2 What is home range a Better The area over which a group or individual travels during normal daily movements What are some home range characteristics a Maybe linear 2D 3D not defended commonly overlap yet individuals usually avoid each other both individuals and groups can have home ranges larger species have larger home ranges many species have permanent home ranges migratory species have seasonal home range 3 True False Smaller species generally have a larger home range a False 4 What are three general values of a species having a home range a Familiarity predator avoidance knowing neighbors 5 How does familiarity of home range aid in individual or group efficiency a Gathering food b Seeking shelter e g owl mice residents vs transients c Avoiding predators d Knowing neighbors sight sound recognizing intruders 6 What is the ultimate benefit of a homer range a Reproductive Survival advantage 7 What does the size and shape of the home range depend upon a Distribution of needed resources i Patchy locally abundant tend to decrease HR ii Widely dispersed tend to increase HR b Individual resource needs c Sex male HR female HR in monogamous polygynous spp inverse if polyandrous 8 True False Patchy locally abundant resources tend to increase resource size a False decrease HR 9 What generally has a larger home range males or females a Males unless polyandrous then females do 10 What are factors that affect home range a Age repro state population density body mass season changes productivity resources diet herb omniv Vs carnivore elevation latitude 11 What factor ultimately affects home range size a Energetics area annual calorie consumption 12 How can home range be determined a Live trapping observations telemetry multiple relocations b Mapped by creating a polygon around outermost points 13 What are methods of calculating home range a Minimum area method grid b Boundary strip methods for trap grid strip extends half the distance to each nearest traps i Inclusive boundary convex polygon connects outer points of boundary strip ii Exclusive boundary scientific judgment of usable habitat 14 What is territory the better definition a defense of an area around a high priority limited resource from which competitiors are excluded b Exclusive occupancy 15 What is the difference between home range and territory a Territory is actively defended and home range is not 16 Why is territory defended a Access to limited resources 17 What are some examples of limited resources a Food mates nest sites sleeping sites display sites i e leks 18 What is the ultimate benefit of territories a Increased fitness 19 True False Territoriality is common in vertebrates a True 20 True False Only individuals are territorial a False both groups and individuals 21 What is defendable a Feeding areas caching area food storage refuge dens nests mates 22 When are females economically defendable a High synchrony of female estrus b Low synchrony high female group site attachment or defense of individual females 23 Territories may be either fixed or a Mobile 24 What is an example of a mobile territory a bison caribou or swamp rabbits that defend area around female 25 What doe the size of the territory depend on a Type quality 26 What is meant by type of territory a Nesting feeding mating 27 How is territory usually defended a Not really fighting usually visual displays auditory displays chemical markings 28 What are some consequences of territoriality a Have certain things and do not have certain things b Reserve breeders and floaters c Regulates population size i Restricts number of breeders ii Decreases density 29 What is home range a The area where an animal is usually found b Better The area over which a group or individual travels during normal daily movements 30 What are some home range characteristics a Maybe linear 2D 3D not defended commonly overlap yet individuals usually avoid each other both individuals and groups can have home ranges larger species have larger home ranges many species have permanent home ranges migratory species have seasonal home range 31 True False Smaller species generally have a larger home range a False 32 What are three general values of a species having a home range a Familiarity predator avoidance knowing neighbors 33 How does familiarity of home range aid in individual or group efficiency a Gathering food b Seeking shelter e g owl mice residents vs transients c Avoiding predators d Knowing neighbors sight sound recognizing intruders 34 What is the ultimate benefit of a homer range a Reproductive Survival advantage 35 What does the size and shape of the home range depend upon a Distribution of needed resources i Patchy locally abundant tend to decrease HR ii Widely dispersed tend to increase HR b Individual resource needs c Sex male HR female HR in monogamous polygynous spp inverse if polyandrous 36 True False Patchy locally abundant resources tend to increase resource size a False decrease HR 37 What generally has a larger home range males or females a Males unless polyandrous then females do 38 What are factors that affect home range a Age repro state population density body mass season changes productivity resources diet herb omniv Vs carnivore elevation latitude 39 What factor ultimately affects home range size a Energetics area annual calorie consumption 40 How can home range be determined a Live trapping observations telemetry multiple relocations b Mapped by creating a polygon around outermost points 41 What are methods of calculating home range a Minimum area method grid b Boundary strip methods for trap grid strip extends half the distance to each nearest traps i Inclusive boundary convex polygon connects outer points of boundary strip ii Exclusive boundary scientific judgment of usable habitat 42 What is territory the better definition a defense of an area around a high priority limited resource from which competitiors are excluded b Exclusive occupancy 43 What is the difference between home range and territory a Territory is actively defended and home range is not 44 Why is territory defended a Access to limited resources 45 What are some examples of limited resources a Food mates nest sites sleeping sites display sites i e leks 46 What is the ultimate benefit of territories a Increased fitness 47 True False Territoriality is common in vertebrates a True 48 True False Only individuals are territorial a False both groups and individuals 49 What is