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ISU CE 421 - Water Reclamation

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Water ReclamationCE 421: Environmental BiotechnologyJen MorudCourtesy of: www.kelownagolfski.com/Sunset%20Ranch%20Golf%... Courtesy of: www.fotosearch.comCourtesy of: www.hkpr.on.ca Courtesy of: www.industrialcouncil.comIntroductionz Demand {Water Consumptionz408 billion gallons per day{Water AvailabilityzIce caps, glaciers, oceans = 99%zHuman consumption = 1%{Sustainable TechnologiesCourtesy of: www.mfe.govt.nzCourtesy of: www.turbulence.ocean.fsu.eduDefinitionsz Reclamation{Upgrading of water to make it usable againz Types of Re-use{Inadvertent{Direct {IndirectApplicationz Agricultural Irrigationz Landscape Irrigationz Thermalelectric Powerz Industrial Activitiesz Groundwater Rechargez Recreational/Environmental Usesz Non-potable Urban Usesz Potable UseHealth Aspectsz Pathogens{ViruseszRotavirus, Norwalk Virus{Bacteria zSalmonella, Shigella, E.Coli, Campylobacter{ProtozoanszGiardia Lamblia, Cryptosporidium{HelminthszSchistosomiasis, AscariasisTreatment Technologies: MBRz Membrane Biological Reactors (MBR){Retrofit existing plant{Higher effluent qualitySubmerged Bioreactor External BioreactorTreatment Technologies: Filtrationz Membrane Processes{ Microfiltration (MF){ Ultrafiltration (UF)Membrane technologyConstituent MF UF NF RO Comments{ Nanofiltration (NF){ Reverse Osmosis (RO)(Metcalf & Eddy, 2003)Treatment Technologies: Disinfectionz Ultraviolet Radiation (UV){No residualz Chlorination{Disinfection by-productsz Ozone{Potential for adverse effects to aquatic lifeCase Studies: San Antonio, TXz Depletion of the Edwards Aquiferz 3 Treatment Facilities{Treatment similar to conventional treatment{Dechlorination follows chlorinationz Reclaimed water for recreational useCase Studies: San Antonio, TXCase Studies: San Diego, CAz City imports ~90% of waterz Reclaimed water for irrigation and industrial purposesz 2 treatment facilities{South Bay zUV disinfection{North CityzDemineralization process, Chlorine-contact basinsCase Studies: San Diego, CACase Studies: San Diego, CAz Controversial Issues{Incorporation of reclaimed water into drinking water supply{Low public supportCourtesy of: www.hcn.comConclusionz Feasible Water Alternative{Numerous activities{Proper treatmentz Education{Support{Sustainable


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ISU CE 421 - Water Reclamation

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