1.) The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called _______________.a. A chromatidb. A chloroplastc. Chromatind. A centrosome2.) If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm cell would contain __________ chromosomesa. 3b. 6c. 12d. 24e. 483.) Chromatids are __________.a. Held together by the centriolesb. Identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosomec. The bacterical equivelent of aeukaryotic chromosomesd. Composed of RNA4.) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell?a. Prophaseb. Metaphasec. Anaphased. Telophase5.) What is a locus?a. The precise location of a gene on a chromosomeb. A structure that appears during prophase I and consists of 2 paired genesc. The precise DNA sequence of a gened. A cell with two chromosome sets6.) Sister chromatids _______________.a. Are only involved in mitosisb. Are pairs of chromosomes, one of which comes from the father and the other from the motherc. Are identical copies of each other formed during DNA synthesisd. Have the same gene loci but may have different alleles of some genese. Are only involved in meiosis7.) Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?a. They have genes for the same traits at the same locib. They pair up in prophase IIc. They are found in haploid cellsd. A and C8.) Synapsis occurs during __________.a. Anaphase Ib. Prophase Ic. Prophase IId. Metaphase I9.) Which of the following occurs during anaphase II?a. Homologs separate and migrate towards opposite poles.b. Sister chromatids separate and migrate towards opposite polesc. Nuclei re-formd. Chromosomes line up in one place10.) Which of the following occurs during telophase I?a. Homologs separate and migrate towards opposite poles.b. Sister chromatids separate and migrate towards opposite polesc. Nuclei re-form to create 4 haploid cellsd. Chromosomes line up in one place11.) A=big apples, R=red apples, a=small, and r=yellow. You have one tree that produces big yellow apples and another tree that produces small red apples. When the two are crossed, you find that half of the new trees produce big red apples and half produce big yellow apples. What are the genotypes of the parents?a. AArr and aaRrb. Aarr and aaRrc. AARr and Aarrd. Aar and AaRre. AaRr and aarr12.) Physically, what are different alleles?a. Different DNA sequences found at the same locus on sister chromatidsb. Different particles found in gametesc. Different phenotypes for a particular characterd. Different DNA sequences found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes13.) Pea plants are tall if they have the genotype TT or Tt, and they are short if they have the genotype tt. A tall plant is mated with a short plant. Which outcome indicated that the tall parent plant was heterozygous?a. All the offspring are shortb. All the offspring are tallc. The ratio of tall offspring to short is 3:1d. The ratio of tall offspring to short is 1:114.) If the two traits that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located near each other on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation __________.a. Would have contained four phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratiob. Would have contained only individuals that were heterozygous at bothlocic. Would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratiod. Would have contained no individuals that were heterozygous at both loci.15.) The law of independent assortment __________.a. States that the alleles at different loci segregate independently from one another during a dyhibrid crossb. Can account for a 9:3:3:1 ratio seen in the F2 generationc. Applies only to genes that are present on different chromosomesd. The first and second answers are correcte. The first, second, and third answer are correct16.) If a heterozygous plant is allowed to self-pollinate, what proportion of the offspring will also be heterozygous?a. ¼b. 1/3c. ½d. 2/317.) A red bull is crossed with a white cow and all of the offspring are roan,and intermediate color. This is an example of ___________.a. Controlled by multiple allelesb. Codominancec. Polygenicd. Incomplete dominance18.) A woman with type O blood is expecting a child. Her husband is type A. Both the woman’s father and her husband’s father have type B blood. What is the probability that the child will have type O blood?a. 100%b. 75%c. 50%d. 25%e. 0%19.) In people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog the blood vessels. This leads to physical weakness, heart failure, joint pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by:a. The polygenic nature of sickle-cell diseaseb. The pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allelec. A bacterial infection interacting with the sickle-cell alleled. Side effects of the drug used to cure this disease20.) The chromosome theory of inheritance states that __________.a. Genes occupy specific positions on chromosomesb. Homologous chromosomes segregate from each other during meiosisc. Chromosomes assort independently during meiosisd. The first, second, and third answers are correct21.) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Discovery Science?a. Careful observation of natureb. Data may be qualitative or quantitativec. Determined by conducting experimentsd. May focus on current phenomena or historical events22.) Which of the following describes hypothesis-based science?a. Focuses on explaining natureb. Focuses on describing naturec. Involves the testing of a hypothesisd. A and C23.) When in the cell cycle is the genome (DNA) replicated?a. Prophaseb. Prometaphasec. S staged. DNA is replicated constantly throughout the cell cycle24.) What is crossing over associated with?a. Synapsisb. Metaphase Ic. Chiasmatad. A and Ce. None of the above25.) Which of the following is a false statement about linked genes?a. Are located on the same chromosomeb. Do not separate independently in gamete formationc. Separate independently in gamete formationd. Tend to be inherited togethere. C & D26.) Which statement accurately describes recombination frequency?a. The more frequently recombination happens between two genes, the closer together the loci areb. The more frequently recombination happens between two genes, the farther apart the loci arec. The frequency of recombination has
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