Understanding the LearnerMotor Learning SummaryMotor Learning – Cont.Slide 4How students learn differentlySlide 61. Linguistic – can use words effectively,2. Logical-mathematical intelligence:3. Spatial Intelligence4. Musical Intelligence5. Interpersonal Intelligence6. Intrapersonal Intelligence7- Bodily-kinesthetic8. Naturalist IntelligenceUnderstanding the Learner•Stages of Learning:–Cognitive–Associative–Automatic•Mental practice – visualization, self-talk•Teach speed then accuracyMotor Learning Summary•Practice schedules – distributed is more effective–Introduce new skills in their entirely unless they are very complex. Use whole-part-whole method–Forward or backward chaining–Variable practice – have changing conditions»Open vs. closed skillsMotor Learning – Cont.•Feedback –Beneficial during associative and automatic stages•Learner needs corrective or positive specific feedback during these times–Delay feedback for about 5 sec. after performance – have peers do the same thing–Only comment on those things the learner does not know–Concentrate on only 1-2 critical features at a timeMotor Learning – Cont.•Transfer of Learning–Point out ways in which many skills share similarities with other skillsHow students learn differentlyBandler-Grinder Model - Auditory, visual, kinesthetic •Ask a student a difficult question and watch their eyes as they ponder the answer:–Auditory – looks sideways–Visual – looks up–Kinesthetic – looks downHow students learn differently•Multiple Intelligences – Howard Gardner1. Linguistic – can use words effectively,•Prefer to learn through lectures, large and small group discussions, reading, storytelling, brainstorming, debate, writing activities–Best instructional materials are: books, worksheets, manuals, talking books and cassettes, and word games. Would prefer to do a written report as an assignment–When misbehave: talk, interrupt, and argue with teacher or other students2. Logical-mathematical intelligence:–Have a capacity to use numbers and reason effectively–Prefer to learn through mathematics problems, scientific demonstrations, logical-sequential presentation of subject matter, classifications, and categorizations, critical thinking, and logical problem-solving exercises.–Prefer to work with logic puzzles and games, computer programming languages, and mathematical problems on the chalk board–When misbehaving – daydream or challenge the logic of the teacher3. Spatial Intelligence– have the capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately.–Prefer to learn through visualizations, picture metaphors, sketching of ideas, charts, graphs, diagrams, maps, slides, photographs.–Like to work with building models, hands-on projects, videos, graphics software, visual puzzles and mazes, and microscopes.–Get in trouble by taking things apart to see how they work and also doodle on paper4. Musical Intelligence– have the capacity to perceive, discriminate, transform, and express musical forms–Prefer to learn through rhythms, songs, raps, chants, memory music, mood music, and musical concepts–Will develop projects that include chants and raps–Misbehave by humming and tapping their feet and drumming with a pencil5. Interpersonal Intelligence- have the capacity to perceive and make distinctions in the moods, intentions, motivations, and feelings of others.–Prefer to learn through cooperative learning, group brainstorming activities, community-based activities, peer sharing, conflict mediation activities, cross-age tutoring, interpersonal interactions and simulations–Like to work with interactive software and board games–Misbehave by exerting negative leadership, writing notes, and talking to friends6. Intrapersonal Intelligence– have the capacity to understand themselves.–Prefer to learn through reflection, personal connections, interest centers, goal setting, self-paced instruction, and self-esteem activities.–Prefer to work with programmed instruction materials, individualized projects and games, and journals.–Misbehave by day dreaming and tuning out the teacher7- Bodily-kinesthetic – have the capacity to use their whole bodies to express ideas and feelings.–Prefer to learn through creative movement, physical education activities, mime, crafts, theatre, and hands-on activities–Prefer to work with virtual reality software, field trips, hands-on materials, crafts, cooking–Misbehave by being out of their seats as well as pushing, shoving, and fighting with others.–Will do well in P.E., but be –a problem in other classes8. Naturalist Intelligence– are absorbed in things in the natural world–Prefer to learn through working in nature, exploring and learning about plants and natural events–Prefer to work outdoors, participate in field trips, garden, and use hands-on materials.–Prefer to keep journals, make drawings, take pictures, and write down their observations–Misbehave by day dreaming, wandering off, and focusing on the minute details of an