IntroductionGetting StartedA. Data Basics1. Add the following shapefiles from the assignment data directory to your view as themes:B. ProjectionsC. Scale and GeneralizationD. UTM & State Plane Coordinate SystemsGEOG 070 – Spring 2005Lab #3: Geographic Data FundamentalsDue Dates: Wednesday Labs: Tuesday, February 22, 2005 by 5:00 PMThursday Labs: Wednesday, February 23, 2005 by 5:00 PMIntroductionThis assignment will wrap up our introduction to ArcView and will expose you to someof the data mapping fundamentals we have discussed in class. You’ll examine a varietyof characteristics related to projection, scale, and coordinate systems for several datalayers, as well as create two maps. You may find it useful to refer to your class notes andtextbook for help answering some of the questions in this assignment.Getting StartedAs you become more accustomed to working with ArcView, you may find that filemanagement and file naming conventions are important. It’s a good idea to have a logicand standard method underlying how you name files, and it is also a good idea to storeyour files in a folder hierarchy that makes sense to you.Whenever starting to use ArcView, you should always set your working directory,which is where the temporary files and data you create while working will beautomatically stored by default. For each of your remaining assignments, you shouldcreate a new folder within your student workspace named according to the assignmentnumber: lab4, lab5, etc., and then make that your working directory. Make sure that youdo not name folders with spaces in the name (ex: “lab 5”). If you do, you will haveproblems, because ArcView has difficulty with unusual folder names. Make sure to saveyour ArcView project (the .apr file) to the folder created for each assignment. Thisallows you to restart ArcView and have everything just as it was when you last savedyour project. Note: If you do not perform these steps, you may not be able to get retrieve the work youhave already completed if you change computers during the course of doing anassignment!To create and set your working directory:1. Using “My Computer” create a new Lab3 subfolder in your class folder2. Start ArcView, and create a new project (File | New Project).3. Open a new view.4. Choose File | Set Working Directory.5. In the work directory window, type the path to the working directory you want to use. This is the default location where ArcView will save its files, e.g.,:J:\.isis.unc.edu\html\courses\2005spring\geog\070\006\students\my_onyen\lab3It is also possible to set your working directory to a temp folder that you can create and to treat this as a central storage for your data files… some people find it easier to work with only one directory:J:\.isis.unc.edu\html\courses\2004fall\geog\070\006\students\your_onyen\tempLab write-ups, however, should still be saved in an individual lab folder for each exercise (e.g. a Lab3 folder for this one).6. Finally, go ahead and save your project (File | Save Project As) to your lab3 folder. Name it something logical, like lab3.apr. Always remember to save your project frequently to avoid losing anything in case of software or computer problems.Data for this assignment can be found in: J:\.isis.unc.edu\html\courses\2005spring\geog\070\006\data\lab3Answers to the questions in this assignment should be saved in a Microsoft Word document named lab3.doc in your lab3 folder.A. Data Basics1. Add the following shapefiles from the assignment data directory to your view asthemes: world30.shp cntry92.shp cities.shp2. Make the world30 and cntry92 themes visible in your view. Leave the citiestheme off for now.3. Order the themes so that the cities theme is on top, then cntry92, and thenworld30. You may want to hide the cntry92 legend to make changing the themeorder easier. Make the cntry92 theme active by clicking on it, then go to Theme |Hide/Show Legend, hide the legend, drag the themes into the correct order andthen go back to Theme | Hide/Show Legend to show the cntry92 legend again.4. Make the cntry92.shp theme active. Then open its associated attribute table byselecting the ‘open theme table’ button (or choosing Theme | Table).5. Once the table is open, highlight the column heading ‘name’. Then choose Table| Find to find Turkey. Once highlighted, close the table and return to the view.You should see Turkey highlighted in the view (in bright yellow).(Q1) How does this process demonstrate the concept of a geo-relational data structure?26. Now you can clear the ‘set’ of selected features from that query by choosingTheme | Clear Selected Features, or by choosing the button. B. ProjectionsNow let’s experiment some with map projections and take a look at distances fromSeattle, one of the nation’s most dynamic cities, and a growing center for distribution ofimports from Asia to the rest of the U.S. 1. First take your cursor and move it around in the view window, watching thecoordinates (map units) in the upper right corner.(Q2) In what units are these coordinates expressed?2. Now let’s project the data in the view (View | Properties). To start, click onProjection…, then choose ‘Projections of the World’ and the ‘Sinusoidal’projection. In the Properties menu, note that the Map Units change to unitsappropriate for a planar (projected, 2-D) coordinate system: in this case meters forMap Units and miles for Distance Units (the units displayed when you use themeasure tool). 3. In the view, zoom in on the United States (the zoom in button looks like ) andturn on the cities theme. 4. Using the Measure Tool , carefully measure the distance in miles betweenSeattle and Miami. You’ll want to make sure your view window is fairly large soyou can make this measurement accurately. (If you’re not sure which points arethose cities, use the Identify tool to check.) Make a note of the distance.5. Change your projection to Equal Area Cylindrical, and repeat the samemeasurement (make sure your Distance Units are still miles).(Q3) Compare the two distance measurements. Notice anything interesting?(Q4) What important fact about projections is being illustrated here? Now let’s actually set our projection up to properly measure distances from Seattle.6.