1Lecture OutlineTheories of helping:–Socio-biological theory–Kin protection–Perceived similarity–NormsWhy do People & Animals Help? 1. Socio-Biological TheoryBehavior understood in terms of reproductive successcpKin ProtectionPredisposed to help others who share our genesWhy do People & Animals Help Strangers?cpKin ProtectionIdenticalTwinsFraternalTwinsMore helpfulto one anotherKin ProtectionAfter natural disasters…1. Family members 2. Friends & neighbors3. StrangersKin Protection StudyBurnstein et al. (1994)Predictions:1. Help family over non-family2. Help is proportional to relatedness3. Help young over old cp2Kin Protection StudyBurnstein et al. (1994)Life & Death SituationsMore likely to help relatives thannon-relativescpKin Protection StudyBurnstein et al. (1994)00.511.522.53Sibling CousinRelatednessTendency to HelpcpKin Protection StudyBurnstein et al. (1994)1.41.61.822.22.42.61 yr. 10 yrs. 18 yrs. 45 yrs. 75 yrs.Age of VictimTendency to HelpcpWhy do People & Animals Help Strangers?2. Perceived similarityHelp others who appear similar to oneselfWhy do People & Animals Help Strangers?3. Normsa) Reciprocity Normb) Social Responsibility NormWhy do People & Animals Help Strangers?Reciprocity NormGive help to receive help3Reciprocity Norm1. Recognize them2. Live close enough to return the favor3. Have the recourses to return the favorPeople are less likely to help another if doing so puts their life in dangercpPeople will help those who:Why do People & Animals Help Strangers?Social Responsibility NormHelp others because they shouldSocial Responsibility NormHelp those who can’t help themselveschildrendisabledpoorSocial Responsibility Norm StudyBarnes et al. (1979)Doesn’t feel like taking good notesFamily EmergencyMore willing to
View Full Document