Armored and soft scalesEuropean elm scale scale: elmTuliptree scale: linden, walnutSlide 4Euonymus scale: euonymusPin oak kermes, Pubescent kermes scale: oakTaxonomy of scalesCharacteristics of armored and soft scalesLife-history traits of armored scales (Diaspididae) and soft scales (Coccidae, Eriococcidae)Armored scales (Diaspididae)Soft scales (Coccidae, Eriococcidae)European Elm ScaleSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Calico ScaleSlide 17Cottony Maple ScaleSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21European Fruit LecaniumSlide 23Slide 24Fletcher ScaleSlide 26Slide 27Pine Tortoise ScaleSlide 29Slide 30Tuliptree ScaleSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Spruce Bud ScaleSlide 37Slide 38Black Pineleaf ScaleSlide 40Scurfy Scale & Elm Scurfy ScaleSlide 42Slide 43Pine Needle ScaleSlide 45Slide 46Slide 47Gloomy ScaleSlide 49Slide 50Obscure ScaleSlide 52Juniper ScaleSlide 54Euonymus ScaleSlide 56Slide 57Oystershell ScaleSlide 59Slide 60San Jose ScaleSlide 62White Peach ScaleSlide 64White Prunicola ScaleSlide 66Pubescent Leaf Kermes & Pin Oak KermesPubescent Leaf Kermes & Pin Oak KermesSlide 69Dr.Vera KrischikDr.Vera KrischikDepartment of EntomologyDepartment of EntomologyUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesotawww.entomology.umn.edu/cueswww.entomology.umn.edu/cuesArmored and soft scalesArmored and soft scalesEriococcid, felt scaleEriococcid, felt scalesummer adult female with crawlerssummer adult female with crawlersEuropean elm scale scale: elmEuropean elm scale scale: elmsoft scalesoft scalesummer summer malemalesummer femalesummer femaleand crawlersand crawlersTuliptree scale: linden, walnutTuliptree scale: linden, walnutsoft scalesoft scalesummer summer femalesfemalesmale coversmale coversTuliptree scale: linden, walnutTuliptree scale: linden, walnutarmored scalearmored scalespring spring adult females and malesadult females and malesmalesmalesEuonymus scale: euonymusEuonymus scale: euonymusgall-like scalegall-like scalesummer femalessummer femalesPin oak kermes,Pin oak kermes,Pubescent kermes scale: oakPubescent kermes scale: oakTaxonomy of scalesTaxonomy of scales Order Hemiptera,Order Hemiptera,formerly placed in order Homopteraformerly placed in order Homopterarelated to aphids and mealybugsrelated to aphids and mealybugs Diaspididae: armored scalesDiaspididae: armored scales Coccidae, Eriococcidae: soft scales Coccidae, Eriococcidae: soft scales Long stylets for feedingLong stylets for feeding Males have different shaped coversMales have different shaped covers Males look like winged aphidsMales look like winged aphids Crawler stageCrawler stage High density can kill branchesHigh density can kill branches Oils, chlorpyrifosOils, chlorpyrifos Imidacloprid (soft only)Imidacloprid (soft only) Egg, crawler, nymph, immature, adultEgg, crawler, nymph, immature, adultCharacteristics of armored Characteristics of armored and soft scalesand soft scalesARMORED SCALE SOFT SCALE soft cover attached to the scale no yeseggs laid in sac-like structure yes yes overwintering stages eggs/mated mated/2ndseasonal time for crawlers late Apr/June Apr/Augability to move after crawler stage no yeshoneydew production no abundantfeeding site on the plant parenchyma phloem Life-history traits of armored scales (Diaspididae) Life-history traits of armored scales (Diaspididae) and soft scales (Coccidae, Eriococcidae)and soft scales (Coccidae, Eriococcidae)ARMORED SCALESblack pineleaf scaleeuonymus scalegloomy scalejuniper scaleobscure scale oystershell scalepine needle scalescurfy scaleArmored scales (Diaspididae)Armored scales (Diaspididae)SOFT SCALES calico scale cottony maple scaleEuropean fruit lecanium scaleFletcher scalepine tortoise scalespruce bud scaletuliptree scaleFELT SCALES European elm scale (Eriococcidae) Soft scales Soft scales (Coccidae, Eriococcidae)(Coccidae, Eriococcidae)European Elm ScaleEuropean Elm ScaleGossyparia spuriaFamily EriococcidaeIntroduced pestHosts: Elm, Celtis species, and zelkova.European Elm ScaleEuropean Elm ScaleLife History: Eggs in May, crawlers in June and July. One generation a year.Overwintering: Immatures in bark cracks.winter immaturesEuropean Elm ScaleEuropean Elm ScaleDamage: Stunted, chlorotic foliage, premature leaf drop, branch dieback, sooty mold.Monitoring: Look for honeydew, mature females, crawlers, and damage.summer crawlersEuropean Elm ScaleEuropean Elm ScaleChemical Control: Insecticides, oil.Biological Control: Beneficials usually occur.summer adult female with crawlersCalico ScaleCalico ScaleEulecanium cerasorumFamily CoccidaeNative pestHosts: Crabapple,dogwood, elm,firethorn, maple,sweet gum, starmagnolia, zelkova,and all stonefruit trees.Life History: One generation per year. Crawlers feed on leaf veins during summer.Calico ScaleCalico ScaleOverwintering: Second instar.Monitoring: Look for adults and crawlers, honeydew, and sooty mold.Chemical Control: Dormant oil, horticultural oil or soap residual insecticides.Biological Control: Minute pirate bugs, lacewings, lady beetles, predaceous midges; parasitoids Aphytis, Coccophagus, Encarsia, and Metaphycus; yellow-rumped warbler.Pulvinaria innumerabilisFamily CoccidaeNative pestHosts: Maples, honeylocust, linden, otherhardwoods.Cottony Maple ScaleCottony Maple ScaleLife History: Immature females emerge in spring. Eggs and crawlers appear in summer.Overwintering: Mated females on twigs.winter adult femalesCottony Maple ScaleCottony Maple ScaleDamage: Sooty mold, leaf yellowing, foliage drop, dieback.Monitoring: Look for old egg sacs and crawlers on the underside of leaf margins.Chemical control:Insecticides,horticultural oil or soap. Cottony Maple ScaleCottony Maple Scalesummer crawlersCottony Maple ScaleCottony Maple ScaleBiological Control: Minute pirate bugs, lacewings, lady beetles, predaceous midges; parasitoids Aphytis, Coccophagus, Metaphycus, and Encarsia;Englishsparrow.summer femaleswith eggsEuropean Fruit LecaniumEuropean Fruit LecaniumParthenolecaniumcorniFamily CoccidaeNative pestHosts: Floweringfruit trees, maples,others. Life History: Females mature in spring and lay eggs. Crawlers feed in summer. One generation per yearspring adult femalesEuropean Fruit LecaniumEuropean Fruit LecaniumOverwintering: Immatures. Damage: Honeydew, sooty mold, dieback. Monitoring: Look for adult females, crawlers,honeydew, and sooty mold. Chemical Control:Soil applicationof insecticides,oil sprays.winter immaturesEuropean