Unit 3: Breakthrough in Modern ChinaNational crisis in the 19th centuryImpact of Foreign Culture-Historical Context-The international scene:-The Industrial Revolution in the West-The narrow-minded mentality of the Qing courtIn the large picture-The Qing court was unable to cope with the historical crisis:-The passé policy of the Qing State:-Is the Qing emperor only one who is self-centered?Major Events in the 19th century-White Lotus (1796-1804) The opium War (1839-1842)-Taiping (1851-1864)-Nian (1853-1868)-Chinese Muslim (1855-1873;1862-1973)-Boxer uprising (1898-1901)The Opium War (1839-1842)-Tea:-Opium:-Silver -The War:-Nanjing Treaty (1842):-Cultural impact:-Anxiety:-Loss of self –confidenceReformers-Kang Youwei (1858-1927)-Liang Qichao (1854-1921)The Reform in 1898-Invigorate the tradition:-Revive Confucian thought by reinterpreting canonical text (Kang):-The utilitarian didacticism:-Transform society with power of frictionThe failed reform-Short-lived Reform (108 days)-“On the relationship between fiction an the government of the people”(1902)-Renovate people with power of fiction-Stimulates imaginations to share emotions (CP 198/76)-Uplifting powers to change people’s spirit and (re) shape the world (ibid.,78)The utilitarian position -His utilitarian approach-“He does not really respect fiction, but he respects it’s power to influence andteach and thus recognizes its utility for the all-important goal of “renewing” thenation” Western Impact on Chinese LiteratureLin Shu (1852-1942)-The man:-Translated about 200 foreign works:-La Dame aux Camelias (1899)-Advocated a respectable status for friction in China:-The old Curiosity Shop was published as Biography of Nell, the filial girl-The irony:“Preface to Oliver Twist”-Particular issue:-The gap between appearance and substance:-Stealing the public funds = a thief What can one learn?-Ability to reform (ibid.,83)-The goal of his translation:-Reform the mindsets (ibid.,83)-Transform the societyLu Xun :the man-Taught in universities and colleges:--Published “The Madman’s Diary” with the pen name “Lu Xun”-Blacklisted in 1926:-Attacked by critics of both the right and the left wings:-“On the power of Mara Poetry”-The new and the old voices (CP 203/98)-How to appreciate one’s native land?“Mara Poetry”-The shared power of ”Mara poetry”--Strike the chord--Enable humanity to emerge,Didactic Coercions?-Forbid poets to disturb?-“Not to stray” in the elite culture:-BEYOND“he dared … to give voice to what his forebears feared to say (ibid.,103)”-The Significant effect of art:-Art can shock one to realize that gold and iron are far from enough to revive
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