Recap-The Lyrical mode and didactic code:- Open-ended approach versus the closed designation:-Significance of the critical debate:-The interactions between defiant undercurrents and the dominant powershave given rise to renewals of literary creations.Intellectual Foundations: Confucius and LaoziCultural Context (The 6th century BC)-The social crisis:-Competition for leadership among states:-Uncertainty and change:-Thinkers emerge to respond with the chaos:-Debates and dialogues among different schools of thought:-Re-definitions of the previous ideas:-In the large picturesContextual ReferenceSpring and Autumn The West(722-481 BC)Confucius(孔孔):551-479 BCLaozi(孔孔)Plato (427-347 BC)Warring States (403-221 BC)Mencius(孔孔):371-289 BC孔孔Confucius 551-479BC-View Confucius in historicity:-Perceive his thought without the canonical glory inscribed in the HanDynasty:-Explore the significance of his thought:-The impact of his school of thought:The Analects1. Moral power as the principle for the social hierarchy:A. Personal responsibility constitutes the basis for social stabilityB. Filial piety in the family; loyal submission to the ruler in the state:C. The social order is hierarchical as described in the analogy between a familyand a state D. Priority of family over the state孔CP21/31孔2. Re-defining the concept of “gentleman”-Nobility is acquired through personal cultivation (CP21/31)A. Advocate character over birth is against the hereditary privilege:B. Cultivate oneself in the here and now“What you do not want yourself, do not do to others.”C. Moral behavior is reciprocal3. On learning: -It is pleasant to use the knowledge one has learned.-The interrelation between practice and learning:Leaning and thinking are complementaryThe conversation孔1 Administrate the state of 1000 chariots:2 Administrate the state of 60 or 70 li wide:3 Be at service of a royal ancestral temple:4 Bathe with others and return home singing:? what is the response of the master to the last student? - The political ideal and the personal preference do not have to exclude each other.The Daoist (Taoist ) Contention-What is the Way?A. It is the logic which underlies operations of the living universe.B. “The way that can be spoken of is not the constant Way”-It is difficult to explain the Way in concrete terms.- The language can only point to the
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