4D Animation for Project Delivery 4D = time + 3DGoals for 4D Animation and SessionPersonal History of 4D ModelingVisualize the construction of this scheduleAHU cannot be installed at this timeCreating a 4D ModelLeverage information you already have and make it work for youUsing a 4D Model for Construction PlanningProvide construction input to conceptual project planningCoordinate construction with other project concernsDevelop construction strategyAllocate CrewsUse of 4D models with multiple screens to compare schedulesOther 4D Model ExamplesIssues with 4D modelingWhat’s next?Parametric 4D modelingLinking 3D models and specifications for detailed work planning and inspection supportAdd temporary structures automatically to 4D modelsManaging and Learning about Construction Play by PlayFacility Lifecycle Modeling in 4DSlide Number 224D model plus metricsIn Summary, 4D Models Support4D Animation for Project Delivery4D = time + 3DMartin [email protected], Civil & Env. Eng. Director, Center for Integrated Facility EngineeringStanford UniversityGoals for 4D Animation and Session• Learn how 4D modeling supports the communication of dynamic time-space information about critical aspects of a project’s lifecycle.Personal History of 4D Modeling• 1984: first work with 3D models• 1987: saw first 4D model at Bechtel• 1988: built 3D building information modeler• 1993: built first 4D model• 1996: prototyped VR interface for 4D modeling• 1996: started research on automating 4D modeling• 1998: developed easy-to-learn 4D modeling tool (now Common Point Project 4D)• 1998: started research on computer-based analysis of schedules with 4D models• 1999: started research on multi-screen group interaction with 4D models• 2005: started research to extend 4D modeling beyond construction• To date: helped deploy 4D models in many project phases on 40+ small and large projects totaling $5B+Visualize the construction of this scheduleHow much of the steel structure is erected when the air handler unit (AHU) arrives?Who else is working near the mechanical contractor when the AHU is installed?Where should the AHU be unloaded and how should it be moved to its final position?Where will the steel contractor have the cranes when the AHU is installed?AHU cannot be installed at this timeCreating a 4D ModelSchedule (MSP)from construction plannerAmsterdam3D model (Revit)from 3D modelerNeumarktTransfer 3D CAD elements and their organizationTransfer activity data4D Model (Common Point Project 4D, GSim)from 4D modelerAmsterdamExample from Max Bögl, Neumarkt, and Nick Liao and Peggy Ho, CIFE, Stanford UniversityLeverage information you already have and make it work for you3D CAD Elements4D ComponentsActivities4D Playback and Navigation4D ViewUsing a 4D Model for Construction PlanningConceptual project planning & designDesign Procurement Construction Start-up OperationsProvide construction input to conceptual project planningCoordinate construction with other project concernsDevelop construction strategyAllocate CrewsProvide construction input to conceptual project planningNeed knowledge about:• Major construction strategies, risks, cost implications, temporary and permanent access and utilities• Issues and constraints for the project designers and public agencies• Overall economics of the projectCourtesy Walt Disney Imagineering, Glendale, CACoordinate construction with other project concernsNeed knowledge about:• Systems and materials for the major project elements (foundations, structural system, exterior skin, interiors, etc.) and construction methods• Ripple effects of construction method decisions and the timing of these decisions on the project goalsCourtesy DPR Construction, Inc., Redwood City, CADevelop construction strategyNeed knowledge about:• Activity sequencing for a design, materials, construction methods, site conditions• Safety, quality, cost, other risks• Capabilities of labor and equipment• Decision sequence for a productive and effective construction planning phase• Possible adjustments to the facility design to improve its constructabilityCourtesy Mortenson, Minneapolis, MNAllocate CrewsNeed knowledge about:• Details of the construction methods• Site conditions and project-specific goals and circumstances• Capabilities of the specific crews working on site• The project’s master schedule and related flexibilities• Performance of other subcontractorsCourtesy Accu-Crete, Alexandria, VAUse of 4D models with multiple screens to compare schedulesWork with DPR Construction, Inc. and with Calvin Kam and Kathleen ListonOther 4D Model Examples• Safety analysis• Prefab studies and analysis– Project level (how do prefab elements fit together)– Work level (how does a prefab element get built)• Work method analysis and communication– Walls– PilesIssues with 4D modeling• Availability of a schedule• Organization and level of detail of schedules and 3D models• Software compatibility• Use of 4D models in construction management workflows• Clear plan for the development and review of 4D models– Stakeholders– Issues, purpose– Level of detail, accuracy, scope needed• Other model usesWhat’s next?• Parametric 4D modeling• Linking 4D models to other project information (e.g., specifications)• Adding temporary structures to a 4D model automatically• Increasing the level of detail of 4D models to support daily work planning• Adding schedules other than construction to 4D models, e.g., maintenance schedules• Including time-based information other than schedules, e.g., conditions of a structure, energy performance• Calculating performance of a facility or cluster of facilities over time from a 4D modelParametric 4D modeling• Starting point• Direction/flow of work• Production rate• Production rate parametersVideoclip Courtesy Max Bögl, Germany, with Peggy Ho, Stanford UniversityLinking 3D models and specifications for detailed work planning and inspection supportCondition Feature OntologyFeature3D components or their parts that have important engineering meaning (e.g., wall, surface)3D CADAttributesPermanent properties (e.g., material info.)Product modelStatusChangeable properties(e.g., schedule at a given time)Process modelRelative positionsSpatial relationships between components and context (e.g., exposed, concealed)ReasoningAdd temporary structures automatically to 4D models4D model without