A. Definition study of behaviorNondiagnostic Driven by role (ex. college students)(Today you are no more less the man yesterday. )affect experience : affect nature/ moodalter states consciouslyB. MethodsStudy human and animals: by study the most likely things-animals to study human (cat’s visual system similar to human)hypothesis generation than hypothesis (kids)create awkward environmentobserveC. Units of analysisPrecise questiontheory try to answer more than a real life human beingwhat psychologists studyabused will most likely abuse their own childrena nice man in the world shot 40 people one dayA Clinical 50% independent work--- access and treat mental, emotional and behavior disordersCounseling: --- help people to cope with challenges and crisesIndustry big company/ organizations( like school)less extreme symptom, short term therapycommunity: -how people interact with social environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groupsdistinctiondifferent from positive psyc---seek to change people to fit their environmentcommunity---create social and physical environment that fit peopleinnovation programs for people at risk to get suffer psychological sicknessprevent symptoms rather than curechurch program, see people with same problem like drug addictionB. Biological—bases of bio and psyc behavior (memory, emotional experience)Identify disease at early stageexploring the links between brain and the minddistinction1. physiological psychologistsspecialized in phys on psycdrugs; change brain chemistry-behaviour change2. Psychophysiologistseffects of psychology on physiologysomething surprises then affect brainbehavior and experience on psycvideogame surprise on electrical3. psychopharmacologistsfocus on drugs affect behavior, legal drugsdifferent between shots(one shot or a bottle of shot)short term effect and long term effectstudy cumulative effects ( one week and 20 years, drug weekend work weekdays)4.comparativestudy behaviors across animal species, one of is humancompare human’s behavior with other animals’ sexual cognitive parental(ex animal language communication system, tremendously protect our young)(males are more aggressive than females )—true in nearly every single speciesdistinction1.psychologist ---undergraduate graduate (third practical )phd internshippsyc orientationtalk therapypsychiatrist---may provide psychotherapy, medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disordersdegree in med specific in psyc MDmedical orientationdrug therapy ---not deal with the underlying problems2. neurotic (psychologist) highly verbaldepression-----bother sometimesnot severe, the normal functions of lifepsychotic psychoses( PSYCHIATRIST)hear noises nobody hears ----scare peoplebe sent to mental hospitalsevere psychological symptomsC. development---our changing abilities from womb to tombHow human develop/change when we get older(our thinking changes we become less egocentric)cognition changes-what we thinkI know everybody sees my perspective is everyone’s perspective(boy and I see different sides of the house, see different scenes)we see things as white and black, but when we get older, things become shade of greyD. experimental and cognitive---how we perceive, think and solve problemsThe very basic psyc processes allow us to learn, to remember and use infor to pursue our goals in lifeE. educational and schoolPeople specialized in understanding principles of psyc functioning within educational settingFigure out how to teach concepts best and how to know if students know betterIdentify different level put into different class “tracking”Really bright students but have some disability (hardly read)F. Industrial-organizationPersonal selectionWork places ---less quitting—increase profitInterview—think in companies perspective---find, hire, training, valuate peopleNot find good or bad people----careful analyze each individual, fit what jobFind “close match”—person and jobJob defined—tell workers what expected, how performance measured, how to get paid (well-- vertical organization good)G. Social---how we view and affect one anotherSpecialized in units of analyzes that act greater than one human beingDyad peopleModel—small groups—then large group(not each individual knows the others but shares something in common)-subculture ---culture—inter culture relations~~Study things require more than one personNegotiationH. Personally—our persistence traitsFocus on individual differencesQuantities1. psychometricians.Measuring things psychologicalWrit items, testy itemsDevelop instrument how well sb handles his work(ACT, Sat)2.MATH MODELESspecialized in psychological theorieslevel of math high ex. PHD in mathapply math for psycMiscellaneous1. environmentalcrowding conditions —anxious, annoyingheating ---uncomfortable, anxious, stop thinkingnoise pollutionarchitects—small but tall building---small foot print--contact with usbig but not tall building---not intimated---not intense fightbehavior experiments2. sportsstudy factors that maximize athletes’ performancevisualize things over and overthink through all possibilities in advance----let people react rather than think3.Consumerwithin market placehow do people allocatebuy things exceed the money we have( compare of two things and choose)poster purchase strategies/evaluationswhen to buy---keep mental respect to make decision to buy things or notchoose one brand or anotherevaluate people’s choosecross generation studyWhere psyc workUniversities 29% (professor)Private practices 29%Mental health facilities 24%Schools 4% individual school----decide kids mentally retired or notMasters level---test people and give guide lines how to teach/treat students or sthBusiness 3%Government 11%---“counseling “employees turn help forHow to communicate/ cross culture—can we develop programs to benefit countryInterrogation—give out secretsFire police ambulance--- stressful situations---people could talk toIV. unique characteristics of the fieldA. exceptionally broad—from individual self to societyB. MultilayeredA tendency among humanSingle events single causes； actually multiple causesC. Nomothetic versus idiographic—simultaneouslyOn one level we are all the same but on the other level, we are all differentNomotheticgeneral in the sense principles could apply to all people at all time in all situationsex. immediately punished- not willing to do in the