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MIT 6 001 - ELETROMECHANICS

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MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu Continuum Electromechanics For any use or distribution of this textbook, please cite as follows: Melcher, James R. Continuum Electromechanics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981. Copyright Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ISBN: 9780262131650. Also available online from MIT OpenCourseWare at http://ocw.mit.edu (accessed MM DD, YYYY) under Creative Commons license Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike. For more information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.Continuum ElectromechanicsTo Janet Damman MelcherContinuum ElectromechanicsJames R.MelcherThe MIT PressCambridge, Massachusetts, and London, EnglandPrefaceThe three stages in which this text came into being give some insight as to how the materialhas matured. As "notes" written in the early 1960's, it was intended to serve as an introductionto the subject of electrohydrodynamics. Thus, it reflected the author's early research interests.During this period, the author had the privilege of collaborating with Herbert H. Woodson (nowUniversity of Texas) on the development of an undergraduate subject, "Fields, Forces and Motion".That effort resulted in the text Electromechanical Dynamics (Wiley, 1968). There has also beena strong influence from Hermann A. Haus, with whom the author has collaborated for a number ofyears in the development and teaching of an undergraduate electromagnetic field theory subject.Both Woodson, with his interests in rotating machinery and magnetohydrodynamics, and Haus, whothen worked in areas ranging from electron beam engineering and plasmas to the electrodynamicsof continuous media, stimulated the notion that there was a set of fundamental ideas that perme-ated many different "specialty areas". To be taught were widely applicable basic laws, approachesto modeling and mathematical techniques for disclosing what the models had to say.The text took its second form in 1972-1973, when the objective was to achieve this broaderand more enduring aspect of the material. Much of the writing was done while the author was on aGuggenheim Fellowship and a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, England. Duringthat year, as a guest of George Batchelor's Department of Applied Mathematics and TheoreticalPhysics, and with the privilege of working with Sir Geoffrey Taylor, there was the opportunityto further broaden the perspective. Here, the influences were toward the disciplines of contin-uum mechanics.Unfortunately, the manuscript resulting from this second writing was more in the nature oftwo books than one. More integration and culling of material was required if the self-imposedobjective was to be achieved of helping to define a discipline rather than simply covering anumber of interrelated topics.The third version, this text, would probably not have come into being had it not been forthe active encouragement of Aina Sils. Her editorial help and typewriter artistry provided teach-ing material that was immediately sufficiently attractive to serve as an incentive to commit nightsand weekends to yet another rewrite.As a close colleague who has been instrumental in establishing as an area the continuumelectromechanics of biological systems, Alan J. Grodzinsky has been both a source of technicalinsight and an inspiration to complete the publication of material that for so many years hadbeen referenced in theses as "notes."Research carried out by still other colleagues at MIT will be seen to have influenced thescope and content. The Electric Power Systems Engineering Laboratory, directed by Gerald L.Wilson,is an example with its activities in superconducting machinery (James L. Kirtley, Jr.)and its model power system (Steven D. Umans). Others are the High Voltage Laboratory (John G.Trump and Chathan M. Cooke), the National Magnet Laboratory (Ronald R. Parker and Richard D.Thornton), the Research Laboratory of Electronics (Paul Penfield, Jr. and David H. Staelin),the Materials Processing Center (Merton C. Flemings), the Energy Laboratory (Janos M. Beer andJean F. Louis), the Polymer Processing Program (Nam P. Suh), and the Laboratory for InsulationResearch,(Arthur R. Von Hippel and William B. Westphal).A great satisfaction and motivation has come from seeing the ideas promolgated here servethe needs of industry. The author's consulting activities, for more than 30 different companies,provided many useful examples. In the face of an increasing awareness of the importance of energyto our societal institutions and our way of life, it has been satisfying to see the concepts pre-sented here applied not only to the development of new energy systems, but to the conflictingproblem of environmental control as well.Where possible, examples have intentionally been chosen that can be illustrated with gen-erally available films. Referenced in Appendix C, these are in two series. The series from theNational Committee on Fluid Mechanics Films was being developed at the Education DevelopmentCenter while the author was active in making three films in the series from the National Commit-tee on Electrical Engineering Films. Interaction with such individuals as Ascher H. Shapiro andJ. A. Shercliff fostered an interest in using films to enliven and undergird classroom education.While graduate students involved with the subject or carrying out their PhD theses, a numberof people have made substantial contributions. Some of these are James F. Hoburg (Secs. 8.17 and8.18), Jose Ignacio Perez Arriaga (Secs. 4.5 and 4.8), Peter W. Dietz (Sec. 5.17), Richard S.Withers (Secs. 5.8 and 5.9), Kent R. Davey (Sec. 8.5), and Richard M. Ehrlich (Sec. 5.9).Problems at the ends of chapters were typed by Eleanor J. Nicholson. Figures were drawnby the author.Solutions to the problems have been prepared in the form of a manual. Intended as an aid tothose either presenting this material in the classroom or using it for self-study, this manual isavailable for the cost of reproduction from the author. Requests should be over the signature ofeither a member of a university faculty or the industrial equivalent.James R. MelcherCambridge, MassachusettsJanuary, 1981Contents1. INTRODUCTION TO CONTINUUM ELECTROMECHANICSBackground 1.1Applications 1.2Energy Conversion Processes 1.4Dynamical Processes and Characteristic Times 1.4Models and Approximations 1.4Transfer Relations and Continuum Dynamics of Linear Systems 1.62. ELECTRODYNAMIC LAWS, APPROXIMATIONS AND


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MIT 6 001 - ELETROMECHANICS

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