NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES (II)LEARNING GOALSProtocolsTCP/IPEthernetEthernet standardsSlide 7Token RingTransmitting Data in a NetworkVoice & Data CommunicationsCircuit SwitchingSlide 12Packet-Switching Data NetworksSlide 14Summary QuestionsSlide 16Problem1NETWORKINGTECHNOLOGIES (II)BUS3500 - Abdou Illia, Spring 2007(Week 9, Thursday 3/8/2007)2LEARNING GOALSDescribe networking protocols and identify the major protocols used in business.Describe and contrast types of transmission techniques used in data networks and voice networks.3ProtocolsAn agreed upon set of rules that govern communications in a networkExample: TCP/IP suite, Ethernet, Token RingComputer 1Rules for Task 1Rules for Task 2Rules for Task 3Rules for Task 4Rules for Task 5Computer 2Rules for Task 1Rules for Task 2Rules for Task 3Rules for Task 4Rules for Task 54TCP/IPTCP/IP suite is named after its two main protocols: TCP and IPTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) Provides a reliable byte-stream transfer service between two endpoints on an internetInternet Protocol (IP)Defines a delivery mechanism for packets of data sent between all systems on an InternetIt’s the protocol suite for the InternetTask Sample rules/protocolsApplication HTTP, FTP, SMTPTransport TCP, UDPInternet IPPhysical Ethernet, Token Ring, PPP, Modem standards5EthernetA set of rules for transmitting messages in LANsMost widely used protocol for LANsUses a method called CSMA/CD* for wired LANs1) All computers (“carriers”) listen (“sense”) for traffic on the LAN2) If no traffic, computer that wishes to transmit may transmit3) If collision occurs, computers must wait a random amount of time4) The computer with smallest random number send again first.* Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision DetectionCSMA/CD*6Ethernet standards802.3CSMA/CD802.3Ethernet802.3uFast Ethernet802.3zGigabit Ethernet10Base-210Base-510Base-T10Broad-36100Base-TX100Base-FX100Base-T41000Base-SX1000Base-LX1000Base-CX1000Base-CX+ New 10Gbps standards10Base-2Speed:10 MbpsSignal type:Baseband transmissionDistance:185 meters- Speed: 10 Mbps- Signal type: Baseband w coaxial cable- Distance: 185 meters/segment- No more than 30 nodes per segment- Nodes must be spaced at least 0.5 meters apart10Base-210Base-5Speed:10 MbpsSignal type:Baseband transmissionDistance:500 meters- Speed: 10 Mbps- Signal type: Baseband w coax. cable- Distance: 500 meters/segment- No more than 100 nodes per segment- Nodes must be spaced at least 2.5 meters intervals10Base-5Thick Ethernet or ThicknetThin Ethernet or Thinnet7Ethernet standards10Base-TSpeed:10 MbpsSignal type:Baseband transmissionMedium:Twisted Pair- Speed: 10 Mbps- Signal type: Baseband- Distance: 100 m between Hub/Switch and node- No more than 1024 nodes per Hub/Switch- Star topology: physical star, logical bus- Uses CAT3 or better UTP with RJ-45 connectors10Base-T100Base-TX: Two Twisted-pairs of Category 5 UTP or STP100Base-FX: Fiber-optic cabling using 2-strand cable100Base-T4: Four Twisted-pairs of Category 3,4, or 5 UTP1000Base-CX: Uses Twinaxial cable1000Base-LX: Uses single-mode Fiber-optic cable (5 km)1000Base-T: 4 Twisted-pairs of Cat. 5 UTP in full-duplex802.3CSMA/CD802.3Ethernet802.3uFast Ethernet802.3zGigabit Ethernet10Base-210Base-510Base-T10Broad-36100Base-TX100Base-FX100Base-T41000Base-SX1000Base-LX1000Base-CX1000Base-CX+ New 10Gbps standard8Token RingOther set of rules for transmitting messages in LANsOnly one node “talks” at a timeA node only transmit when it receives a special packet called a “Token”Only one Token on the ringNo collisions9Transmitting Data in a NetworkTwo major techniques:1) Circuit switching networkTraditionally used for voice transmission2) Packet switching networkUsed for computer data transmission.10Voice & Data CommunicationsOriginally, There was a Sharp Distinction:Voice CommunicationData Communications, in which one or both parties is a computer Database Electronic mail World Wide WebDistinction is fading because voice communication is increasingly computer-based11Circuit SwitchingCircuit capacity is reserved during duration of each callAt each switchOn each trunk lineCircuitReservedCapacityReservedCapacity12Circuit SwitchingNothing like congestion on the InternetReserved Circuit Capacity is ExpensivePay for it whether you use it or notGood for voice, because conversations are fairly constantBad for data, because most data transmission is bursty; e.g., in World Wide Web, download, then stare at screen for a long time until next download13Packet-Switching Data NetworksPacket SwitchingLarge messages are broken into small pieces called packets (or frames)Packets are short (averaging a few hundred bytes) because switches handle short messages efficientlyMessagePackets14Packet-Switching Data NetworksMultiplexingPackets from many conversations are mixed (multiplexed) over each trunk lineMultiplexing onTransmission LinePacket Switching15Summary QuestionsMalaga Notes1) (a) What is a protocol? (b) Name few protocols used in network.2) Could collisions occur in: (a) Ethernet LANs? (b) Token Ring LANs?3) (a) What is the maximum speed in a 100BaseTX Ethernet LAN? (b) What kind of transmission media it uses?4) Is Token Ring widely used?5) What kind of switching technique is traditionally used in: (a) data networks? (b) voice networks6) How do Circuit-Switching networks differ from Packet-Switching networks?1617ProblemFour students share a dorm. They would like to set up a network in order to share programs and data files. Three of the students own PCs and the fourth student has a laptop computer.a) What computing equipments they need to buy in order to set up the network with a star topology?b) Suppose that they decided to set up a P2P wired network. They have purchased a 4-port 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet hub at www.cdw.com. What kind of physical media they need to
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