Slide 1Chapter 8: Problems in EducationEducation in SocietySlide 4History of Public Education in the United StatesContinuedEducation: Spreading the Five “Myths” Throughout SocietyHidden Curriculum in SchoolsSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Education Throughout the WorldSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Problems with Higher EducationSlide 17Educational Discrepancies in RaceSlide 19Teacher Expectancy and AttainmentSlide 21Slide 22Academic AchievementSlide 24FunctionalismSlide 26Symbolic InteractionismConflict TheorySlide 29Slide 30No Child Left BehindSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34Charter SchoolsSlide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Chapter 8: Problems in EducationCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Education in SocietyEducation•Process by which people gain or develop knowledgeEducation is a formal system by which society passes on information and is linked to economic advancementSchools connect to job system because they train individuals for specific types of workEducation levels vary slightly by genderStatus dropout rate declined severely over last 30 yearsCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.History of Public Education in the United StatesColonists brought with them their form of education and educational institutions•Frequently attended only by the elite•Provided classical education for religious purposes1647: Massachusetts first colony to require compulsory schooling•Opened education to everyoneCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedOther colonies left education in hands of parents or private organizations•Required individuals to pay own tuitionAfter Revolutionary War states formed four key education beliefs:•It should be free to user•Publicly run•Nonreligious•Universal (compulsory)Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Education: Spreading the Five “Myths” Throughout SocietyU.S. educational system spreads five “myths”•1. Myth of the individual•2. Myth of the nation as a group of individuals•3. Myth of progress•4. Myth of socialization and life cycle continuity•5. Myth of the state as the guardian of the nation•Not all groups of people enter into state education systemPartly because they do not believe in these myths•AmishCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Hidden Curriculum in SchoolsMany schools taken to fund-raising through students•Children learn value of hard work and service to obtain a goal outside school’s curriculumTransfer of academic knowledge to next generation is primary goal•Schools also socialize students in what some call the “Hidden Curriculum”Refers to lessons taught in schools unrelated to academic learningAlso applies to how students socialize one anotherCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Education Throughout the WorldEvery nation has some type of educational system•Not all educational systems are equal•Amount of resources, funding, and worth placed on education variesCreates social problem of inequality in global educationCountry’s socioeconomic status has effect on its education systemCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedPoorer nations often have low Literacy Rates•Low percentages of people in population who can read and writeEducation provides ability for a nation to compete globally•Europe and North America have strongest literacy ratesEurope almost 100%, while in North America it is not nearly that highTrend consistent with another social problem in U.S. education systemCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedPast two decades US had no noticeable increase in college participation ratesMany nations increased their college ranks and now surpass US•One reason may be lack of funding for college•US ranks 57th in world in educational spending as percentage of gross domestic product•Ranking below nations like France, Norway, and UKAll have surpassed the US in graduation ratesCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedSocial problems of low educational attainment can lead to long-term problems for a nation by limiting its potential for economic growthCountry’s wealth plays a central role in education•Lack of funding and resources from a nation-state can weaken a systemCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Problems with Higher EducationCost of college can have strong influence on educational attainment In US, government only pays for primary and secondary education•For higher education, people pay their own way•Cost deters low-income individuals from seeking advanced educationsIn other industrialized countries, education at all levels is free•All students who meet certain academic standards can attend any school regardless of economic statusCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedGeneral belief in US that by attending and succeeding in a prestigious school:•Ticket will be written to whatever employment desired•Creating what is known as the Prestige GapStudents who may be equally able to perform but unable to foot the bills of an elite education will be unable to compete in vying for jobs available in an ever-more-competitive marketExcellent faculty sought to teach at elite universities,