ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Deep Brain StimulatorOutlineReference listReference List ContinuedTo Explore Further: Several Pointers of Web ReferencesBasic Working PrincipleBasic Working Principle ContinuedMajor applicationsBenefits of DBS vs Medical Therapy for Parkinson’s DiseaseRisks of DBS vs Medical Therapy for Parkinson’s DiseaseBenefits of DBS vs Medical Therapy for Essential TremorRisks of DBS vs Medical Therapy for Essential TremorBenefits of DBS vs Surgical Therapy for DystoniaRisks of DBS vs Surgical Therapy for DystoniaDBS and Major DepressionDBS and Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderLeading Provider of the TechnologyLimitations/ Future ExplorationsConclusionIndexECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Deep Brain StimulatorPrepared by:Timothy J ShuckDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State UniversityE: [email protected] ; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.)3/1/200901/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-2Outline –Reference list–To Explore Further–Basic Working Principle–Major applications•Each applications benefits and risks–Leading Provider of DBS technology–Limitations/Future Explorations–Conclusion–Index01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-3Reference list•Bajwa, Jawad, Benjamin Walter, and Jerrold Vetik. "From the Dystonia Dialogue: Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia." Dystonia Medical Research Foundation 2006 03 Mar 2009 . •"Deep Brain Stimulation." Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research 01 July 2008 4 Mar 2009 <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/deep-brain-stimulation/MY00184>. •“Deep Brain Stimulation.” Wikipedia. 2009. Wikipedia Org. 2 Mar 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_brain_stimulator>.•Graham, Judith. "Deep Brain Stimulation Approved for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Chicago Tribune 19 Feb 2009 4 Mar 2009 <http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/triage/2009/02/deep-brain-stimulation-approved-for-obsessivecompulsive-disorder.html>.Reference List Continued•Song, Sora. "How Deep Brain Stimulation Works." Time Magazine 16 Jul 2006 4 Mar 2009 <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1214939,00.html>. •Lyons, Kelley and Rajesh Pahwa. "Deep Brain Stimulation and Essential Termor." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology Feb 2004 1-4. 03 Mar 2009 .•Synofzik , M. and TE Schlaepfer. "Stimulating Personality: Ethical Criteria for Deep Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Patients and for Enhancement Purposes." Pub Med Dec 2008 03 Mar 2009 . •Weaver, FM, K Follett, M Stern, and K Hur. "Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation vs Best Medical Therapy for Patients with Advanced Parkinson Disease: a Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA 07 Jan 2009 03 Mar 2009 . 01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-401/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-5To Explore Further:Several Pointers of Web References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_brain_stimulatorhttp://www.georgetownuniversityhospital.org/body.cfm?id=1236&OVRAW=deep%20brain%20stimulation&OVKEY=deep%20brain%20stimulation&OVMTC=standard&OVADID=1442019522&OVKWID=11224626022#2http://www.medtronicnavigation.com/procedures/neurosurgery/dbs.jsp (Watch the video)http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/deep-brain-stimulation/MY00184Basic Working PrincipleThe idea for deep brain stimulation started in France in 1987. At the time when a part of the brain was malfunctioning, doctors would do a surgery that would burn the malfunctioning part of the brain to make it stop. The idea to pursue a less damaging technique was acted on and the result is DBS. Now instead of burning part of the brain, an electrode that is one millimeter thick is inserted and used to shock only the malfunctioning part- less then the size of a pea (Song).The idea is that if there is some part of the brain that is not working properly then the signal from that part of the brain can be disrupted by the DBS (Mayo).01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-6Image source: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.03/brainsurgery_pr.htmlBasic Working Principle ContinuedA low voltage input to the electrodes is what disrupts the undesired signal from the brain. This requires drilling holes in the patients skull while they are awake and inserting the rigid lead to the suspected area of the brain. A voltage is applied to test if the correct area of the brain has been identified. Once the correct area of the brain is found and the lead is properly positioned, the initial surgery is completed (Mayo).It is unclear how the electric impulse interacts with the brain, whether the impulse overwhelms the targeted part of the brain or sparks activity causing a correction of the signal in the brain (Graham).Slide-701/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-8Major applications •Option for treating neurological disorders of:–Parkinson’s Disease–Essential Tremor–Dystonia–Major Depression–Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(Synofzik and Schlaepfer )Benefits of DBS vs Medical Therapyfor Parkinson’s Disease•Trials indicate that DBS out-preformed medical therapy for Parkinson’s Disease because:– It does not induce dyskinesias.–It is more effective in timely improvement of motor skills and quality of life.–It does not kill the tissue; so if an improved treatment is found, it can potentially still be applied.(Weaver et al.)Slide-901/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsRisks of DBS vs Medical Therapyfor Parkinson’s Disease•The only negative effect noted is an increase in the risk of serious adverse events (1 in 49 patients).(Weaver et al.) Slide-1001/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsBenefits of DBS vs Medical Therapy for Essential Tremor•Only half of patients respond to medical therapy.•DBS is shown to work for those that medical therapy will not.•Specifically targets the trouble part of the brain called the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus.(Lyone and Pahwa ) Slide-1101/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators•Patients have had trouble with the lead coming dislodged so they have to go back into
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