1Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slidesPsychology 311Abnormal Psychology1Paraphilias2Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyOverview• Are a group of disorders involving • Sexual attraction to unusual objects • Sexual activities that are unusual in nature•Includes•Fantasies•Urges•Behaviors• Must last 6 months • Must cause significant distress or impairment• Anyone can have occasional unusual fantasy• Must be 6 months and stressful to be considered a disorder3Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyIssues Regarding the Category• Considerable debate• Many people with paraphilias are not distressed or impaired•Example• Person who has repeated sex with young children and is not distressed or impaired cannot be diagnosed as having pedophilia according to DSM criteria• Difficult to ascertain how many people have the disorder• Greatly underreported• More males than females4Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyMany Disorders•Fetishism• Transvestic Fetishism• Pedophilia and Incest•Voyeurism• Exhibitionism• Frotteurism• Sexual Sadism/Masochism5Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyFetishism• Usually occurs in males• Requires an innate object for sexual arousal• Recurrent and intense sexual urges to nonliving object• Presence of object is strongly preferred or even necessary for arousal6Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyMany types of Items• Underpants • Most common item• Feet•Shoes• Sheer Stockings• Rubber Products•Raincoats•Gloves• Toilet Articles•Furs27Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyIssues• May play with items in private or ask a mate to participate with them• Have been know to commit burglary week after week to add to their hoard• Attraction has a compulsive quality• Is involuntary and irresistible8Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyDegree of Erotic Focalization • Example heterosexual• Men like high heals and jeans• Man with a boot fetish must see or touch a boot to be aroused, and arousal is overwhelming• Usually begins in adolescence and have other disorders•Pedophilia•Sadism•Masochism9Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyTransvestic Fetishism• Usually a man sexually aroused by dressing in a woman’s clothes• Still regards self as a man• Usually begins as partial-cross-dressing in childhood• Heterosexuals always males• Tend to be masculine in •Appearance•Demeanor•Sexual Preference• Many are married, with family, dress in secret10Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyTransvestic Fetishism• Criteria for distress and disability do not fit this disorder at all• Is typically connected with masochism11Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyPedophilia• Adults who derive sexual gratification through physical/sexual contact with prepuberty children unrelated to them• Research does not support the DSM’s prepuberty child• Some victimize any children under the legal age of consent• More frequent in men than women• Often connected to mood, anxiety disorders and substance abuse• Person can be heterosexual or homosexual12Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyRelated issues• Internet pays a big role• Acquire child pornography and contact potential victims• Governments and organizations play a role too•Netherlands •12 Years old is age of consent• NAMBLA and similar organizations313Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyNorth American Man-Boy Love Association • Contends all people should be able to engage in consensual sexual relationships• Oppose sexual laws merely based on age • Condemns all coercive or non-consensual acts, sexual or otherwise, between people of any age. • Problem, many people use NAMBLA to develop contacts• Also has a Women’s Group as well• Women’s Auxiliary of NAMBLA•For Women and Girls14Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyIncest• Listed as a subtype of Pedophilia• Sexual relations between close relatives for whom marriage is forbidden• Is a universal taboo• Except for Egyptian Pharaohs• Did not want contamination of royal blood from outsiders• Taboo is important•Would provide two recessive genes and increase birth defects15Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologySociologically• Is typically patriarchal• Parents tend to neglect and be emotionally distant• Mother is absent or disabled• ½ of all child molestations are committed by adolescent males• Were typically abused• Have poor social skills• Neglectful family life• Substance abuse issues16Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyRecent Studies• Survey of 796 college students• 19% of women abused• 8.6% of men abused• State laws• States that pass legislation requiring reporting of molestation by teachers, health care workers, etc.•Confirmed cases increased 50-500%17Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyVoyeurism• Involves a marked preference for obtaining sexual gratification by watching others in a state of undress or having sexual relations• Minimal if any contact between voyeur and the victim• Most go undetected by law• Usually begins in adolescence• Fear contact with others• Have minimal social skills18Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyDenmark Study• 1960’s• All restrictions on pornography were lifted• Result – lower rates of peeping419Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyExhibitionism• Obtain sexual gratification by exposing genitals to an unwilling stranger•Sometimes a child• Usually begins in adolescence• More common in men• Usually arrested for indecent exposure• Are usually immature•Over ½ are married• Have poor sexual relations with their spouse20Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyBehaviors• Have a desire to shock or embarrass the observer• Want to avoid contact with the victim• Urge is overwhelming to expose• Is triggered by restlessness, anxiety, and sexual arousal•Classic negative reinforcement paradigm• Is compulsive•Oblivious to social and legal ramifications21Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyDuring exposure• Have headaches, palpitations, sense of unreality (derealization)• Afterwards they flee trembling and in remorse22Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologyFrotteurism• Sexually oriented touching with unsuspecting persons• Typically occur in crowded places• Busses, subways, sidewalks• Typically starts in adolescence• Occurs with other paraphilias• Not studied much23Psyc 311 – Abnormal PsychologySexual Sadism / Masochism•Sadism• Obtain or increases sexual gratification by inflicting pain or psychological suffering