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ACC MLAB 1311 - Urinalysis Lab Safety, QC, and Specimen Collection

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EXERCISE 1 Urinalysis Lab Safety, QC, and Specimen CollectionBody Fluids/Urinalysis ; MLAB 1311  1Urinalysis Lab Safety, QC, and Specimen CollectionReferences: lecture & lab guide, Mundt & Shananhan Ch. 1 & Ch 3 revised7/24/10 CRgPoints Points are awarded for Pre-test, Skills, including general lab requirements, as well assuccessful and timely completion of Study Questions. Study Questions are due by the end ofthe next lab period, or as designated by the lab instructor.ObjectivesLab 1 Urinalysis Lab Safety, QC, and Specimen Collection1. Define and be able to appropriately use the terms of UA Lab Safety, QC, and urinespecimen collection including:biohazardous, hospital / healthcare acquired (nosocomial) infection,PPE, OSHA, MSDS, Standard PrecautionsTransmission Based Precautions, Quality Control (both internal and external)Lyophilized controls, Random urine specimen, Timed specimensFirst morning, mid-stream, clean catch urine specimen2. Describe the major types of hazards that can occur in the laboratory setting.3. Describe basic safety practices in the urinalysis laboratory.4. Identify and / or describe the signage that warns of threat of biohazard, electrical shock,radiation, physical or laboratory chemical hazards. 5. Describe quality control practices for the urinalysis lab6. Analyze Standard Precautions, Transmission Based Precautions, and Protective Isolationsfor the nature of the infectious materials, the identification of who is infectious, who mustbe protected, what type of PPE required and how it should be disposed.7. Demonstrate willingness and ability to search appropriate website(s) for additionalinformation on transmission-based precautions and / or other topics.8. Describe in writing and demonstrate in practice the proper hand washing techniques.Include a listing of times during the work day when the activity should be performed. 9. Describe in writing and demonstrate in practice the proper removal of potentially bio-infectious gloves.10. Outline and follow appropriate Standard Precautions at all times in UA labs and clinicals.11. Describe Transmission Based Precautions and appropriately apply them in simulated on-campus and actual clinical situations.12. List the three routes of transmission upon which Standard Precautions apply and give anexample of a disease/condition for each route.13. Tour the MLAB / BITC laboratory areas for the purposes of:a. sketching a drawing of the laboratory and prep area floor plan;b. noting the location of all fire extinguishers, fire blankets, eyewash and emergencyshower stations;c. identifying potential chemical hazards, noting their level of health, flammability, andreactivity threat;d. developing a primary and secondary fire / emergency escape plan that includesmaintaining safety awareness for all persons present. 14. Describe the concept of quality assurance as it applies to the UA laboratory.15. State the purpose of quality control in the UA laboratory.16. Use quality control results to determine the acceptability of test results.17. Provide verbal or written instructions for the collection of:a. Random or first morning, clean catch mid-stream urine specimens.b. 24 hour and other timed urine specimensEXERCISE 1 Urinalysis Lab Safety, QC, and Specimen CollectionBody Fluids/Urinalysis ; MLAB 1311  2DiscussionOverview ofLaboratorySafetyOverview of Laboratory SafetyThe safety of students and workers in the laboratory is a major concern of regulationand accreditation agencies as well as faculty and employers. If unchecked, potentialhazards in the laboratory could include biological, chemical, fire, radioactive,mechanical, and electrical hazards. The Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) is responsible for providing standards for safety inthe workplace, including the laboratory setting. OSHA requires theavailability of written safety manuals and organized safety programs foremployee within the workplace.BiologicalHazardsThough attention to all aspects of safety are important in the clinicallaboratory, a primary focus is prevention of infection by biohazardous materials. Biohazardous materials can be found in a variety of settings both in and outside thelaboratory setting. The level of the threat varies from minimal (where materials can beeasily decontaminated) to serious (where materials must be autoclaved orincinerated). Tissue, blood and body fluids (including urine) are all consideredbiohazardous. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has published guidelines for safe practice inthe collection, handling and disposal of biohazardous materials. Universalprecautions," as defined by CDC, are a set of precautions designed to preventtransmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), andother blood borne pathogens when providing first aid or health care. Under UniversalPrecautions, blood and certain body fluids of ALL patients are considered potentiallyinfectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens. Universal precautions tookthe place of and eliminated the need for the old isolation category, "Blood and BodyFluid Precautions", published in the 1983 CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions inHospitals. However, implementing universal precautions did not eliminate the needfor other isolation precautions, such as droplet precautions for influenza, airborneisolation for pulmonary tuberculosis, or contact isolation for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus.Standard PrecautionsIn 1996, CDC published new guidelines (Standard Precautions) for isolationprecautions in hospitals. Standard Precautions utilized the major features of BodySubstance Isolation (BSI) and universal precautions - to prevent transmission ofblood borne pathogens, and BSI (body substance isolation - to reduce the risk oftransmission of pathogens from moist body substances. Standard Precautionsapplies to all patients receiving care in hospitals, regardless of their diagnosis orpresumed infection status.Standard Precautions apply to1. blood and all body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, regardlessof whether or not they contain visible blood;2. non-intact skin;3. mucous membranes.EXERCISE 1 Urinalysis Lab Safety, QC, and Specimen CollectionBody Fluids/Urinalysis ; MLAB 1311  3Standard Precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission ofmicroorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection inhospitals. The components of Standard Precautions include Hand hygiene,


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