U of M CSD 2230 - Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Voice and Auditory System

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CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERSThe Laryngeal SystemStructural SupportSlide 4Vocal FoldsVocal Folds and Their Points of AttachmentMuscles of the LarynxExtrinsic Laryngeal MusclesIntrinsic Muscles of the LarynxSupplemental Muscles of the LarynxSome Major Laryngeal MusclesSome Major Laryngeal MusclesSlide 13The Articulatory/Resonating SystemThe SkullMajor Landmarks of the Skull for SpeechImportant Structures of the Vocal TractImportant Structures of the vocal TractSlide 19Model of the Biological Function of the VelumHard and Soft PalatesSlide 22Major Muscles of the TongueLife-Span Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating SystemSpeech Production ProcessPhonationSlide 27Slide 28Important Characteristics of the Glottal SourceSpectrum of the Glottal SourceArticulatory Classification SystemPowerPoint PresentationCSD 2230HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERSTopic 3Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice and Auditory SystemThe Laryngeal and Articulatory/Resonating SystemsSpeech Production ProcessThe Laryngeal SystemFunctions:1. BiologicalPrevents foreign objects from entering the tracheaCoughing2. Speech voicingStructural Support1. Hyoid bone2. Thyroid cartilage3. Cricoid cartilage4. Arytenoid cartilages5. EpiglottisStructural SupportVocal FoldsPoints of attachment:Thyroid cartilageArtenoid cartilagesVocal Folds and Their Points of AttachmentThyroidArytenoidGlottisCD ROM demo 12.01 and 12.05Muscles of the LarynxA number of muscles that assist in the movement of the vocal folds and larynxThree groupsExtrinsic Laryngeal MusclesThese muscles have one point of attachment on some structure of the larynx and another point of attachment on structure outside the larynxIntrinsic Muscles of the LarynxThese muscles have both points of attachment within the larynxMuscles of abductionMuscles of adductionTensor musclesSupplemental Muscles of the LarynxThese muscles have one point of attachment on the hyoid bone and course either above or below1. Suprahyoid•Work to raise the larynx2. Infrahyoid•Work to drop the larynxSome Major Laryngeal MusclesPosterior cricoarytenoidIntrinsic laryngeal muscleOnly muscle that abducts the foldSome Major Laryngeal MusclesLateral cricoarytenoid and InterarytenoidsIntrinsic laryngeal muscles muscles that adduct the foldsSome Major Laryngeal MusclesThyroarytenoid and CricothyriodIntrinsic laryngeal muscles muscles that tense the larynxThe Articulatory/Resonating SystemDivisions of the vocal tract1. The pharyngeal cavity2. The oral cavity3. The nasal cavityThe SkullStructural support systemMajor Landmarks of the Skull for SpeechMajor landmarks include:Maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone and arch, temporomandibular joint, temporal bone, and mastoidImportant Structures of the Vocal TractTeeth16 pairs for 32 totalImbedded within the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillaThink about /f/ and /th/Important Structures of the vocal TractHard palateMaxillaThink about /t/ and /s/Important Structures of the Vocal TractVelumSoft tissueThink about /k/ and /g/Biological purpose of the velum is to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavityCD ROM demos11.07 and 11.08Model of the Biological Function of the VelumHard and Soft PalatesHard palateSoft palate (velum)Important Structures of the Vocal TractThe tongueA number of extrinsic and intrinsic musles make up the tongueMajor Muscles of the TongueResponsible for moving the tongue around in the oral cavityLife-Span Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating System1. SkullSizeNumber of separate platesFusing of plates2. Lower bones of the face3. Tongue and lipsSpeech Production Process1. Vibration of the vocal folds•The glottal source2. Modification of the glottal source by the vocal tractPhonationFolds are adducted by contraction of the intrinsic larygeal adductorsGlottis closesPhonationSubglottic pressure increasesPhonation1. Subglottic pressure reaches a critical level and blows the vocal folds apart2. Air rushing through the glottis causes negative pressure that helps pull the folds back together•Bernoulli EffectImportant Characteristics of the Glottal Source1. Fundamental FrequencyRate of vocal fold vibrationDetermines the pitch of the voice2. Spectrum 3. CD ROM demos12.06 and 12.08Spectrum of the Glottal SourceArticulatory Classification


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U of M CSD 2230 - Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Voice and Auditory System

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