Earth SimulatorOverviewHardwarePerformanceArithmetic ProcessorArithmetic Processor (cont)Processor NodeInterconnection NetworkSoftwareFacilitiesFacilities (cont)ResearchAtmosphere and Ocean Simulation ResearchSolid Earth SimulationMultiscale Simulation ResearchAdvanced Perception ResearchEthicsSummaryReferencesEarth SimulatorHerman G. Meyer IIIOct. 21 2004Overview•Hardware•Software•Facilities•ResearchHardware•Performance•Arithmetic Processor•Processor Node•Interconnection NetworkPerformance•40.96 Tflops peak theoretical•35.86 Tflops sustained•Measured using Linpack benchmark by Top500.org•http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/linpackjava/Arithmetic Processor•4-way super scalar–w/64kb instruction cache, 64kb data cache, 128 registers•Vector unit–w/72 registers each w/256 vector elements–8 sets of 6 different types of vector pipelines–(add/shift, multiplication, division, logical, masking, load/store)•Main memory access control unit•500MHz/1GHzArithmetic Processor (cont)•0.15 micron CMOS•8 layer copper interconnection•20.79mm square•60 million transistors•5185 pins•140 wattsProcessor Node•Eight Arithmetic Processors•16 GB RAM•256 GB/s bus between AP, RAM, and interconnection network•640 total nodesInterconnection Network•Total bandwidth 8 TB/s•Two control units•128 data switch units•Every node is connected to every switch and control unit–640 x 130 = 83,200 cables–2,400 kilometersSoftware•NEC’s UNIX based “SUPER-UX” Operating System•OS Enhancements made–Extended scalability–Earth Simulator specific administration functions•Parallel file system•Job Scheduler•Compilers–Fortran 90–C–C++FacilitiesFacilities (cont)•Illumination•Seismic IsolationResearch•Atmosphere and Ocean Simulation Research Group•Solid Earth Simulation Research Group•Multiscale Simulation Research Group •Advanced Perception Research GroupAtmosphere and Ocean Simulation Research•Atmospheric Simulation–High resolution–http://www.es.jamstec.go.jp/esc/research/AtmOcn/afes/images/afes.mpg•Oceanic Simulation–http://www.es.jamstec.go.jp/esc/research/AtmOcn/ofes/images/ofes.mpg•Coupled atmosphere-ocean simulationSolid Earth Simulation•The goal of SESG is to understand the structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior by means of the large scale computer simulationMultiscale Simulation Research•Holistic SimulationAdvanced Perception Research•Virtual Reality Simulation•BRAVE–Booth for Resolving Aspect of Virtual EarthEthics•Weather as a weaponSummaryReferences•The Earth Simulator Center - http://www.es.jamstec.go.jp/esc/eng/index.html•Top500.org - http://www.top500.org/•Intel Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide - http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickrefyr.htm•NEC Global - http://www.nec.com/global/features/index9/index.html•Earth Simulator – Time Magazine, Nov. 18 ,
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