SAP Demand Management Order Management Customer Service EIN 5346, Logistics Engineering Spring 2010Supply Chain Planning ProcessPP: ForecastingSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11PP: Sales and Operations Planning (SOP)PP: Demand ManagementSlide 14Slide 15PP: Transfer from High Level to Detailed PlanningPP: Planning StrategiesPP: Material Requirements Planning (MRP)Slide 19Slide 20MRP – Net RequirementsProcurement TypePP: Output of MRPPP: Orders, Orders, OrdersPP: Execution – Production OrderSlide 26PP: Execution – SchedulePP: Execution – Schedule & ReleasePP: Execution – Material WithdrawalPP: Execution – ConfirmationsPP: Execution – Goods ReceiptPP: Execution – Order SettlementSlide 33Slide 34PP: Order SettlementPP: Order StatusSAPSAPDemand ManagementDemand ManagementOrder ManagementOrder ManagementCustomer ServiceCustomer ServiceEIN 5346, Logistics EngineeringEIN 5346, Logistics EngineeringSpring 2010 Spring 2010Supply Chain Planning Supply Chain Planning ProcessProcessSalesSalesForecastForecastSALES AND SALES AND OPERATIONSOPERATIONSPLANNINGPLANNINGDETAILDETAILPLANNINGPLANNINGSCHEDULINGSCHEDULINGANDANDEXECUTIONEXECUTIONProcurementProcurementManufacturingManufacturingMaster Production Master Production SchedulingSchedulingMPSMPSMaterial Req.Material Req.Planning Planning MRPMRPDistribution Req.Distribution Req.PlanningPlanning DRPDRPDistributionDistributionProductionProductionPlanPlanRough-cut capacityRough-cut capacityplanningplanningDetail capacityDetail capacityplanningplanningPP: ForecastingPP: ForecastingForecasting is the Forecasting is the foundation of a foundation of a reliable SOPreliable SOPAccurate forecasts are Accurate forecasts are essential in the essential in the manufacturing sectormanufacturing sector–overstocked & overstocked & understocked understocked warehouses result warehouses result in the same thing: in the same thing: a loss in profits.a loss in profits.Forecasts are ALWAYS Forecasts are ALWAYS WRONGWRONGConstant Model: consumption values vary very little Constant Model: consumption values vary very little from a stable mean value.from a stable mean value.Trend Model, consumption values fall or rise constantly Trend Model, consumption values fall or rise constantly over a long period of time with only occasional over a long period of time with only occasional deviations.deviations.Seasonal trend: consumption value is characterized by Seasonal trend: consumption value is characterized by a continual increase or decrease of the mean value.a continual increase or decrease of the mean value.Seasonal Trend Model: consumption value vary by both Seasonal Trend Model: consumption value vary by both trend and season patterns. The system calculates the trend and season patterns. The system calculates the forecast values by means of first-order exponential forecast values by means of first-order exponential smoothing.smoothing.PP: ForecastingPP: ForecastingForecasting ModelsForecasting Models–TrendTrend–SeasonalSeasonal–Trend and SeasonalTrend and Seasonal–ConstantConstantSelecting a ModelSelecting a Model–AutomaticallyAutomatically–ManuallyManuallyAlpha factorUsed for smoothing the basic value. If not specify an alpha factor, the system will automatically use the alpha factor 0.2.Beta factorUsed for smoothing the trend value. If not specify a beta factor, the system will automatically use the beta factor 0.1.Gamma factorUses the for smoothing the seasonal index. If not specify a gamma factor, the system will automatically use the gamma factor 0.3.Delta factorUses for smoothing the mean absolute deviation and the error total. If not specify a delta factor, the system will automatically use the delta factor 0.3.Simple Exponential Smoothing Simple Exponential Smoothing (Constant Model)(Constant Model)Simple exponential smoothing is suitable if the historic data Simple exponential smoothing is suitable if the historic data shows a constant trend. shows a constant trend. ● ● Smoothing factor settings: Smoothing factor settings:Seasonal Exponential Smoothing Seasonal Exponential Smoothing (Seasonal Model)(Seasonal Model)Choose this strategy if your historic values show seasonal Choose this strategy if your historic values show seasonal fluctuations (for example, annual fluctuations) from a fluctuations (for example, annual fluctuations) from a constant base value. constant base value. ● ● Mandatory forecast parameter: Mandatory forecast parameter: Periods per SeasonPeriods per Season ● ● Smoothing factor settings: Smoothing factor settings: AlphaAlpha ( (Base ValueBase Value), ), GammaGamma (seasonal components).(seasonal components).Linear Exponential Smoothing Linear Exponential Smoothing (Trend Model)(Trend Model)The forecast is calculated according to Holt’s method The forecast is calculated according to Holt’s method and is suitable if historic values display an upward or and is suitable if historic values display an upward or downward trend. downward trend. ● ● Smoothing factor settings: Smoothing factor settings: AlphaAlpha ( (Base ValueBase Value), ), BetaBeta ( (Trend ValueTrend Value).).Seasonal Trend Exponential Seasonal Trend Exponential SmoothingSmoothingThe forecast is calculated according to Winter/Holt’s The forecast is calculated according to Winter/Holt’s multiplicative method and is suitable if historic values display multiplicative method and is suitable if historic values display seasonal fluctuations from an upward or downward trend. The seasonal fluctuations from an upward or downward trend. The fluctuation increases with an upward trend.fluctuation increases with an upward trend.● ● Mandatory forecast parameter: Mandatory forecast parameter: Periods per SeasonPeriods per Season ● ● Smoothing factor settings: Smoothing factor settings: AlphaAlpha ( (Base ValueBase Value), ), BetaBeta ((Trend ValueTrend Value), ), GammaGamma (seasonal components). (seasonal components).PP: Sales and Operations Planning PP: Sales and Operations Planning (SOP)(SOP)Information OriginationInformation Origination–SalesSales–MarketingMarketing–ManufacturingManufacturing–AccountingAccounting–Human ResourcesHuman Resources–PurchasingPurchasingIntra-firm CollaborationIntra-firm Collaboration–Institutional Institutional Common SenseCommon SensePP: Demand ManagementPP: Demand
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