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SJSU CS 157A - Multivalued Dependencies

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Multivalued DependenciesProblem IntroductionSlide 3Recall 1NFRecall 1NF (con’t)Identify the FDsSlide 7Normal Form of RProblem Intro. (con’t)Slide 12Observe the PatternProblem DefinitionSolutionDefinitionsNote about FDs and MVDsAnother ExampleAnother Example (con’t)Explanation of second exampleSecond example (modified)Slide 23Slide 24Formal Definition of a MVDFormal Definition of a MVD (con’t)Slide 27Armstrong’s Axioms WRT MVDsReferencesMultivalued DependenciesMultivalued DependenciesBy David WorthamBy David WorthamProblem IntroductionProblem IntroductionAssume a relation Assume a relation RR (from the book): (from the book):(credit Ullman and Widom)(credit Ullman and Widom)NameNameAddrStreetAddrStreetAddrCityAddrCityFilmNameFilmNameFilmYearFilmYearC. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983Carrie Fisher = Princess Leia OrganaProblem IntroductionProblem IntroductionWhat is the highest Normal Form What is the highest Normal Form RR complies with? complies with?NameNameAddrStreetAddrStreetAddrCityAddrCityFilmNameFilmNameFilmYearFilmYearC. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983Recall 1NFRecall 1NF1NF eliminates wasted space due to 1NF eliminates wasted space due to duplicate attributes (columns)duplicate attributes (columns)Example (before 1NF normalization):Example (before 1NF normalization):ManagerManagerSubordinatSubordinate1e1SubordinatSubordinate2e2SubordinatSubordinate3e3SubordinatSubordinate4e4BobBobJimJimMaryMaryBethBethMaryMaryMikeMikeJasonJasonCarolCarolMarkMarkJimJimAlanAlanRecall 1NF (con’t)Recall 1NF (con’t)After 1NF normalization:After 1NF normalization:ManagerManagerSubordinateSubordinateBobBobJimJimBobBobMaryMaryBobBobBethBethMaryMaryMikeMikeMaryMaryJasonJasonMaryMaryCarolCarolMaryMaryMarkMarkJimJimAlanAlanIdentify the FDsIdentify the FDsFunctional Dependencies in Functional Dependencies in RR::Since every tuple in Since every tuple in RR is unique, the is unique, the attrAattrAattrBattrBattrCattrCattrDattrDattrEattrE11223366771144556677112233889911445588991122331010111111445510101111Identify the FDsIdentify the FDsFunctional Dependencies in Functional Dependencies in RR::The only FD is: The only FD is: {attrB, attrC, attrD, attrE } {attrB, attrC, attrD, attrE }  attrA attrAattrAattrAattrBattrBattrCattrCattrDattrDattrEattrE11223366771144556677112233889911445588991122331010111111445510101111Normal Form of Normal Form of RR1NF (no multivalues) 1NF (no multivalues) [check][check]2NF (no FDs where a subset of the key to 2NF (no FDs where a subset of the key to the relation is on the left) the relation is on the left) [check][check]3NF (no non-trivial FDs: either the 3NF (no non-trivial FDs: either the determinant is a superkey or the RHS of determinant is a superkey or the RHS of the FD is a member of some key) the FD is a member of some key) [check][check]BCNFBCNF (the determnant of any non-trivial (the determnant of any non-trivial FD is a superkey for the relation) FD is a superkey for the relation) [check][check]Problem Intro. (con’t)Problem Intro. (con’t)Notice:Notice:NameNameAddrStreeAddrStreettAddrCityAddrCityFilmNameFilmNameFilmYearFilmYearC. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983Problem Intro. (con’t)Problem Intro. (con’t)Also Notice:Also Notice:NameNameAddrStreeAddrStreettAddrCityAddrCityFilmNameFilmNameFilmYearFilmYearC. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuStar WarsStar Wars19771977C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuThe Empire The Empire Strikes BackStrikes Back19801980C. FisherC. Fisher123 Maple Dr.123 Maple Dr.HollywoodHollywoodReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983C. FisherC. Fisher5 Locust Ln.5 Locust Ln.MalibuMalibuReturn of the Return of the JediJedi19831983Observe the PatternObserve the PatternR ~= TxUxVR ~= TxUxV(R is similar to the Cartesian product of (R is similar to the Cartesian product of relations T, U, and V)relations T, U, and V)AddrStreetAndCityAddrStreetAndCity123 Maple Dr. | Hollywood123 Maple Dr. | Hollywood5 Locust Ln. | Malibu5 Locust Ln. | MalibuFilmNameAndYearFilmNameAndYearStar Wars | 1977Star Wars | 1977The Empire Strikes Back | 1980The Empire Strikes Back | 1980Return of the Jedi | 1983Return of the Jedi | 1983NameNameC. FisherC. FisherRelation T Relation U Relation VProblem DefinitionProblem DefinitionThe Relation The Relation RR contains unnecessary contains unnecessary duplication of dataduplication of dataRR is valid 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF (and is valid 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF (and there are no exact duplicate tuples)there are no exact duplicate tuples)R has common data


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SJSU CS 157A - Multivalued Dependencies

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