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CU-Boulder GEOG 1001 - Biodiversity

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Biodiversity1. The Human Count and the Future2. An Oily Bird 3. The Need for International Cooperationa. Earth summits discussion aboutb. Climate change frameworki. Kyoto protocol1. Proposed in Kyoto 1997à maintain the level of emission of 1990 by 20102. Confirmed in Morocco 20013. Who were the only major holdouts of it?c. Biological diversity treatyd. Management, conservation, and sustainable developmente. Earth charter (27 ecological and economical principles)f. Agenda 21 (sustainable development)4. Human domination of earth’s ecosystems (Vitousek et al 1997)a. INTROi. “….no ecosystem is free of pervasive influence..”ii. “,,,land transformation interacts strongly with most other components of global change…”b. Land transformationi. primary driving force in the loss of biodiversity………..the effects of land transformation extend far beyond the boundaries of the transformed lands….”ii. “..~15% of earth’s land surface is occupied by agriculture or urban/industrial areas………100% of earth is affected by increasing CO2..”c. Loss of biodiversity: new?i. There is strong scientific evidence that we are now in the opening phase of a sixth massive extinction. ii. This extinction is unprecedented in both its breadth and speed. In the past 10,000 years, and especially the past 500, the rate of extinction of species has increased to somewhere between 100 and 1,000 times what it was before human history began. iii. ¼ of birds went extinct in the last 2000 yrsiv. Big mammals huntedv. 1st cause: land transformationvi. 2nd cause?d. Human alteration of several component of earth’s system5. But, why do we care about biodiversity?a. Plantsi. Maintain a breathable atmosphere by giving off oxygenii. Keep us cooler by providing shade and releasing moisture through their leavesiii. Prevent mud slides and floodingiv. Remove the main “greenhouse gas,” carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere b. A Diverse Prescription i. Open your medicine cabinet and you’re likely to see a number of products derived from wild plants and animals. In fact, more than 25 percent of the medicines we rely on contain compounds derivedfrom or modeled on substances extracted from the natural worldii. Most of species (rainforests) are not even identify c. Biodiversity and the Bottom Linei. A huge number of products derived from wild species help boost all levels of our economy. In fact, many businesses and manufacturers have found that biodiversity can turn a hefty profit. Here are a few examples:ii. Sales of prescription drugs that contain ingredients extracted or derived from wild plants totaled more than $15 billion in the United States in 1990.iii. Each year, more than 350 million people visit our national parks, wildlife refuges, and other public lands managed by the United States Department of Interior. This visitation generates more than 400,000 jobs and more than $28 billion of economic activity.iv. Certain types of bacteria make nitrogen available for use by crops, pastures, forests, and other vegetation. Economists estimate that the value of this activity is $33 billion annually.v. More than 40 crops produced in the United States, valued at approximately $30 billion per year, depend on insect pollination. vi. Bees, butterflies, birds, bats, and other animals pollinate 75 percentof the world’s staple crops and 90 percent of all flowering plants.vii. The dollar value of services provided by ecosystems throughout the world is estimated to be $33 trillion per year. (The value of all human-produced goods and services per year is about $18 trillion.)d. All Species Count: beyond numbers and $$si. Many people believe that biodiversity should be preserved not just because it is valuable to us in some way, but simply because it exists. People who hold this opinion believe that each species should be respected and protected because it is the product of many thousands or millions of years of evolution, and we have no right to interrupt the evolutionary process.6. Twelve Paradigms for the 21st Centurya. Population increase is in LDCsb. I = P + A + T* (I=impact; P=population; A=affluence or consumption/person);c. T=technological impact/unit of productiond. Feeding the world’s populatione. Disparities of wealthf. Status of women and childreng. Global climate changeh. Energy suppliesi. Loss of biodiversityj. Pollution of air and water, oceans and landk. Persistence of wildernessl. Globalization vs. cultural diversitym. Conflict resolution7. How do we solve it?a. Education and outreach programsb. Interdisciplinary researchc. International cooperationd. Sustainable management as a viable solutione. Control of population growthf.


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