1ObesityObesityAn introduction to obesity and our An introduction to obesity and our concept to decrease obesity among concept to decrease obesity among adolescentsadolescentsBy: John Gilles, Todd By: John Gilles, Todd StelnickStelnick, Jonathan Lim, Preston , Jonathan Lim, Preston RouseyRouseyWhat is obesity? What is obesity? zzA condition A condition resulting from resulting from excessive excessive storage of fat in storage of fat in the body. (Best the body. (Best measured by measured by BMI)BMI)5%5%19761976--1980198011%11%19991999--2000200015.5%15.5%20062006--20072007Prevalence of Obese Prevalence of Obese Adolescents at the Adolescents at the 95th percentile of 95th percentile of Body Mass Index Body Mass Index (BMI(BMI))2What is BMI?What is BMI?zzBMI (Body Mass Index) is the ratio of weight in BMI (Body Mass Index) is the ratio of weight in kilograms to square of height in meters. BMI kilograms to square of height in meters. BMI correlates with more accurate measures of body correlates with more accurate measures of body fatnessfatnesszzPediatrics;Pediatrics;zzAt risk: BMI between 85At risk: BMI between 85thth--9595ththpercentile for age and percentile for age and sexsexzzOverweight/obese: BMI at or above the 95Overweight/obese: BMI at or above the 95ththpercentile percentile for age and sexfor age and sexExample CalculationExample CalculationzzWeight Weight ÷÷Height Height ÷÷Height x 703 = BMI Height x 703 = BMI zz--13 year old boy13 year old boy--146 pounds146 pounds--64 inch64 inchzz146 146 ÷÷64 64 ÷÷64 x 703 = 2564 x 703 = 25zzBMI of 25 per growth chart = 95%BMI of 25 per growth chart = 95%zzThis young man is overweight/obeseThis young man is overweight/obese3Overweight & ObesityOverweight & ObesityzzThe prevalence of childhood overweight and The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has doubled in the past 20 yearsobesity has doubled in the past 20 yearszzAmerican children are less physically active as American children are less physically active as a group than were previous generationsa group than were previous generationszzIn 1999 16% of high school students were In 1999 16% of high school students were overweight and nearly 10% were obeseoverweight and nearly 10% were obesezzMore black and Hispanic female students (23% More black and Hispanic female students (23% and 18%, respectively) were overweight than and 18%, respectively) were overweight than white female students (12%)white female students (12%)US Girls 12US Girls 12--17 years old17 years old*BMI at or above sex*BMI at or above sex--and ageand age--specific 95th percentilespecific 95th percentile051015201985-1989 1991-1995 1997-2001 2003-2007Caucasian African-AmericanCaucasian, non-Hispanic African-American, non-HispanicMexican4US Boys 12US Boys 12--17 years old17 years old*BMI at or above sex*BMI at or above sex--and ageand age--specific 95th percentilespecific 95th percentile02468101214161985-1989 1991-1995 1997-2001 2003-2007Caucasian African-AmericanCaucasian, non-Hispanic African-American, non-HispanicMexicanWhat are the factors?What are the factors?zzLack of physical activity is considered the single biggest factoLack of physical activity is considered the single biggest factor in the r in the rising rates of obesity among children and teensrising rates of obesity among children and teenszz50% of US young people 1250% of US young people 12--21 years old do not participate in vigorous 21 years old do not participate in vigorous physical activity on a regular basis. The time US students spendphysical activity on a regular basis. The time US students spendbeing being active in physical education classes is also decreasingactive in physical education classes is also decreasingzzOnly about 50% of schools in the US require physical education iOnly about 50% of schools in the US require physical education in n grades 1grades 1--5; 25% of in grad 8; and 5% in grade 125; 25% of in grad 8; and 5% in grade 12zzWomen generally are less active than men at all agesWomen generally are less active than men at all ageszzPeople with lower incomes and less education are typically not aPeople with lower incomes and less education are typically not as s physically active as those with higher incomes and educationphysically active as those with higher incomes and educationzzAfrican Americans and Hispanics are generally less physically acAfrican Americans and Hispanics are generally less physically active than tive than whiteswhiteszzDiabetes Prevention Program show lifestyle changes Diabetes Prevention Program show lifestyle changes ––physical activity physical activity ––are more effective than oral diabetes medications at preventing are more effective than oral diabetes medications at preventing or or delaying the onset of diabetes (58% delaying the onset of diabetes (58% vsvs31% reduction in risk)31% reduction in risk)5Dependency on cars discourages Dependency on cars discourages walking walking While there is more opportunity for While there is more opportunity for outdoor activity, schools and outdoor activity, schools and commercial business may be too commercial business may be too distant to walk to distant to walk to Suburban and Rural ResidencySuburban and Rural ResidencyPrevents women, children, elderly Prevents women, children, elderly from going out for exercise and from going out for exercise and leisure activity leisure activity Increase in crime in some areas Increase in crime in some areas Urban ResidencyUrban ResidencyDecrease in daily physical activity Decrease in daily physical activity patterns patterns Increase in the use of elevators, Increase in the use of elevators, escalators, and automatic doors escalators, and automatic doors Public PlacesPublic PlacesDecrease in physically active and Decrease in physically active and manual labormanual laborIncrease in computerization Increase in computerization Work PlaceWork Place--Decrease in manual laborDecrease in manual labor--Decrease in time spent in active Decrease in time spent in active recreational pursuitsrecreational pursuits--OverOver--consumption of highconsumption of high--calorie calorie foods. Eating when not hungry, eating foods. Eating when not hungry, eating while watching TV or doing homeworkwhile watching TV or doing homework--Increase in use of modern Increase in use of modern appliancesappliances--Increase in TV viewing and computer Increase in TV viewing and computer and video game useand video game useAt