POSC 421 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Triangulation strategy of creating distance between racial groups to protect the top and avoid being at the bottom of the hierarchy OMB Statistical Policy Directive No 15 1977 Developed by the federal government in response to the necessity for enforcing civil rights law and the civil rights act of 1964 This act specifies that you can t discriminate on employment etc on the basis of sex race religion or national origin This can enforce civil rights directive This occurs in the 1980 census and also it requires it to be done in the big 5 categories Ethnicity is not a race government considers Latinos to be an ethnicity not a race This was created to enforce civil rights legislation People have to identify themselves McCarran Walter Act of 1952 McCarran Walter Act doesn t change the number of people that come in but it removes the idea of quotas and exclusion in terms of Asians etc It makes a statement that they aren t going to be racist in immigration policies This is after WW2 This shows how immigration policy is made in the US It doesn t change much on a daily basis but reforms what the United States preferences are but do not base them on race and ethnicity subordination of immigration policy to foreign policy race with Soviet Union 1 Contrast to National Origins Act of 1924 but stasis nonetheless 2 McCarran Walter preferences 3 Continuation of two classes of immigrants retreat of organized labor support labor as a function of technological improvement Compromised bill combination of natives and liberals No more on the basis of race and ethnicity stops saying who ought to belong should be only the whitest people not more superior races yet not a whole lot changes in terms of numbers national origin systems stay the same These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Only 100 slots for Asians doesn t change the actual numbers instead it says high skilled immigrants driven by the need of technology scientific expertise and medical expertise The preference is high skilled Bill passes but it is overridden at the time Two classes of immigrants those that would enter without reference to quotas anyone in North America Canada Mexico 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act Hart Celler Act 1 Context of U S Civil Rights movement important 2 Preferences distinct from national origins 3 Exemption from numerical limits 4 Unintended consequences development of two groups of people who benefit from the 1965 Act Asian Americans and Latinos prior to this equalize all continents and then start coming Goes to a hemisphere based system Want nurses and doctors Categories changes as a function of need if they need more engineers from China let a higher amount of Chinese come in Close relatives were exempted from numerical limits put hemisphere limits on total amount from Europe Asian Africa etc don t count in numerical limits if a close relative or spouse Name Year Naturalization Act Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Action Type Group 1790 Defined citizenship as free white persons Federal law nonwhites 1848 Provided limited U S citizenship to former Mexican nationals residing Treaty Mexican American new U S territory s Fourteenth Amendment 1868 Birthright citizenship Constitutional amendment Native American Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Excluded Chinese from immigration and naturalization Federal law Chinese Immigration Act of 1917 Asiatic Barred Zone Act 1917 Barred all immigration from Asia Federal law Asians Immigration Act of 1924 National Origins Act 1924 Limited immigration to 2 of number of people from that country already in the U S Federal law Asians Jews Irish Italians Indian Citizenship Act Snyder Act 1924 Granted U S citizenship to Native American Indians Federal law Inclusive Tydings McDuffie Act 1934 Reclassified Filipinos as aliens Federal law Filipinos McCarran Walter Act 1952 Eliminated national origins preference system Federal law Inclusive Hart Celler Act 1965 Changed preference system to skills and family reunification Federal law Inclusive Ozawa v United States 1922 Court hears these cases common knowledge justificationRacial divisions are justified under the origin that Asian is not considered white or European he is not white United States v Thind 1923 Indian subcontinent is not defined as Asia he wanted to be white common knowledge Rice v Cayetano 2001 man happens to be a descendent from people who lived in Hawaii since the 1800s he is not allowed to vote in an election for the Trustee for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs the native people who live there and own the land were getting messed around with this office helps to distribute the land In Hawaii there is a rule that only people who can establish a Hawaiian heritage are allowed to vote said his parents grandparents parents etc were born here He considered himself to have his rights violated on the basis of race and ethnicity also as a function of the 15th Amendment It turns out that the court says that is right The decision held that native identity even one held without blood quantum he believed he was native Hawaiian Identity even without blood quantum can be considered a proxy of race Dillingham Commission 1907 1911 an ordering of the races hire sociologists and anthropologists get out there and give an ordering of the races wanted a scientific justification as to why certain races were excluded produce a 42 volume report saying the harms of immigration and how ethnicities etc are different from one another Dictionary of Races and People Aryans Scandinavia Dutch England at the top at the bottom are Jews Greeks and Italians Armenians and French were above Arabian and Hebrew Ethiopian and Negro were second to the bottom Native Americans were at the bottom B Classifying ethnicity or race in the U S Census C Eastern and Southern European immigrants as less than white 1 Jews different from traditional immigrants through religion merchant class spoke a different language 2 Sicilians Italians and Irish 3 Syrians Armenians and Persians Go after other groups and define why those groups are bad nativist pressure put together a commission and tried to discover who was good and who was bad trying to create a law of who should be let in and who should not Plessy v Ferguson court says separate but equal is okay despite the existence of the 14th Amendment Asians should be excluded Treaty of Guadalupe