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USC POSC 421 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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POSC 421 1st EditionExam # 2 Study GuideTriangulation: strategy of creating distance between racial groups to protect the top and avoid being at the bottom of the hierarchyOMB Statistical Policy Directive No. 15 (1977): Developed by the federal government in response to the necessity for enforcing civil rights law and the civil rights act of 1964. This act specifies that you can’t discriminate on employment, etc on the basis of sex, race, religion, or national origin. This can enforce civil rights directive. This occurs in the 1980 census, and also it requires it to be done in the big 5 categories. Ethnicity is not a race- government considers Latinos to be an ethnicity, not a race. This was created to enforce civil rights legislation. People have to identify themselves. McCarran Walter Act of 1952: McCarran Walter Act doesn’t change the number of people that come in but it removes the idea of quotas and exclusion in terms of Asians, etc. It makes a statement that they aren’t going to be racist in immigration policies. This is after WW2. This shows how immigration policy is made in the US. It doesn’t change much on a daily basis but reforms what the United States preferences are but do not base them on race and ethnicity; subordination of immigration policy to foreign policy; race with Soviet Union 1. Contrast to National Origins Act of 1924, but stasis nonetheless2. McCarran-Walter preferences3. Continuation of two classes of immigrantsretreat of organized labor- support labor as a function of technological improvementCompromised bill; combination of natives and liberalsNo more on the basis of race and ethnicity; stops saying who ought to belong should be only the whitest people; not more superior races yet, not a whole lot changes in terms of numbers- national origin systems stay the sameThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Only 100 slots for Asians; doesn’t change the actual numbers; instead it says high skilled immigrants driven by the need of technology, scientific expertise, and medical expertise. The preference is high skilledBill passes but it is overridden at the timeTwo classes of immigrants- those that would enter without reference to quotas (anyone in North America- Canada, Mexico) 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act (Hart-Celler Act)1. Context of U.S. Civil Rights movement- important2. Preferences distinct from national origins3. Exemption from numerical limits4. “Unintended consequences”- development of two groups of people who benefit from the 1965 Act- Asian Americans and Latinos- prior to this, equalize all continents and then start coming Goes to a hemisphere based system Want nurses and doctorsCategories changes as a function of need- if they need more engineers from China, let a higher amount of Chinese come inClose relatives were exempted from numerical limits; put hemisphere limits on- total amount from Europe, Asian, Africa, etc; don’t count in numerical limits if a close relative or spouse Name Year Action Type Group Naturalization Act 1790 Defined citizenship as free white personsFederal law non-whitesTreaty of GuadalupeHidalgo1848 Provided limited U.S. citizenship to former Mexican nationals residing Treaty MexicanAmericannew U.S. territory sFourteenth Amendment1868 Birthright citizenship Constitutional amendmentNativeAmerican Chinese Exclusion Act1882 Excluded Chinese from immigration and naturalizationFederal law ChineseImmigration Act of 1917 (Asiatic Barred Zone Act)1917 Barred all immigration from AsiaFederal law AsiansImmigration Act of 1924 (National Origins Act)1924 Limited immigration to 2% of number of people from that country already in the U.S.Federal law Asians, Jews, Irish, ItaliansIndian Citizenship Act (Snyder Act)1924 Granted U.S. citizenship to Native American IndiansFederal law Inclusive Tydings-McDuffie Act1934 Reclassified Filipinos as aliensFederal law FilipinosMcCarran Walter Act1952 Eliminated national origins preference systemFederal law InclusiveHart-Celler Act 1965 Changed preference system to skills and family reunificationFederal law InclusiveOzawa v. United States (1922)- Court hears these cases; common knowledge justification- Racial divisions are justified under the origin that Asian is not considered white or European; he is not whiteUnited States v. Thind (1923)- Indian subcontinent is not defined as Asia; he wanted to be white- common knowledge Rice v. Cayetano (2001)- man happens to be a descendent from people who lived in Hawaii since the 1800s; he is not allowed to vote in an election for the Trustee for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (the native people who live there and own the land were getting messed around with; this office helps to distribute the land); In Hawaii, there is a rule that only peoplewho can establish a Hawaiian heritage are allowed to vote; said his parents, grandparents, parents, etc were born here. He considered himself to have his rights violated on the basis of race and ethnicity, also as a function of the 15th Amendment. It turns out that the court says that is right. The decision held that native identity, even one held without blood quantum, he believed he was native Hawaiian. Identity, even without blood quantum, can be considered a proxy of raceDillingham Commission (1907-1911)- an “ordering of the races”- hire sociologists and anthropologists; get out there and give an ordering of the races; wanted a scientific justification as to why certain races were excluded; produce a 42 volume report saying the harms of immigration and how ethnicities, etc are different from one another; Dictionary of Races and People- Aryans (Scandinavia, Dutch, England) at the top, at the bottom are Jews, Greeks, and Italians. Armenians and French were above Arabian and Hebrew. Ethiopian and Negro were second to the bottom. Native Americans were at the bottom. B. Classifying ethnicity or race in the U.S. CensusC. Eastern and Southern European immigrants as less than white1. Jews- different from traditional immigrants through religion; merchant class; spoke a different language2. Sicilians, Italians and Irish3. Syrians, Armenians and “Persians”Go after other groups and define why those groups are bad; nativist pressure; put together a commission and tried to discover who was good and who was bad; trying to create a law of whoshould be let in and who should notPlessy v.


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USC POSC 421 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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