WFB 232 IchthyologyMyxiniformesTaxomony: Superclass Agnatha – jawless fishesClass Myxini - hagfishesOrder MyxiniformesFamily Myxinidae5 genera, ~ 40 speciesDescription: most primitive vertebrates: degenerate eyes, cartilaginous skeleton, no vertebrae, no lateral line, jawless, anguilliform shapegill openings, no paired fins; vestigial caudal fin; 3 pairs of barbels around mouthisoosmotic (body fluids at same salinity as ocean)no larval stage (that has been found)structurally, but not functionally, hermaphroditicHabitat: Mostly soft bottom habitatDistribution: marine, temperate zone, intertidal to 5,000 m, mostly 25-1,500 m depthsEcology and life history: little known of life cycle; produce few, large eggs scavengers on dead fish; remove flesh with toothed tongue, may slide a knot along their body to apply pressure on carcassburrow in soft sediments; often found within fish carcassesAdditional details: Economically important, used for leather and food in AsiaExude extremely large quantities of slime (“myxin”)First fossil evidence: Carboniferous, ~340 – 290 MYAReferences used:Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes, 2nd. ed. Saunders College Publishing, Fort WorthMoyle, P. B. and J. J Cech. 2000. Fishes, an Introduction to Ichthyology. Prentice HallPaxton, J. R. and W. N. Eschmeyer. 1998. Encyclopedia of fishes 2nd ed. Academic Press.WFB 232 IchthyologyPetromyzontiformesTaxonomy: Superclass Agnatha - jawless fishesClass CephalaspidomorphiOrder Petromyzontiformes - lampreysFamilies Petromyzontidae8 genera, ~ 40 speciesVT species: Ichthyomyzon – single dorsal fin (silver lamprey, brook lamprey) Petromyzon – two dorsal fins (sea lamprey) Lampetra – fewer circumoral teeth (brook lamprey)Description: primitive, jawless, cartilaginous, anguilliform fishes with no scales or paired fins, one or two dorsal fins and caudal fin, gill pores or slits; vertebrae presentLarvae are a few centimeters long, lack well-developed eye; adults may reach 0.6 mMouth of adults is a suction disk with circumoral teeth for attachment, and a few, large, rasping teeth on a ‘tongue’Unlike Myxini, they have two semicircular canals, lateral line system, well developed eyes in adultsHabitat: Anadromous or in streamsDistribution: N. and S. America, Australia, New Zealand, EuropeEcology and life history: Long larval stage (ammocoetes) in freshwater streams (2-7 years), followed byshort adult stage in fresh or salt water (1 month - 2 years)Highly fecund (60,000 -300,000 eggs)Larval forms generally detritus feeders; adults may be parasitic on fish, or non-feedingParasitic species undergo metamorphosis, feed in fresh or salt water as juveniles, then return to streams as adults to spawn. Non-parasitic species are stream-resident, do not feed after metamorphosis, and spawn soon after metamorphosisParasitic form appears to be the ancestral typeSome Australian species are predatory rather than parasiticAdditional details: parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) invaded the Great Lakes, has become land-locked, and has caused major economic and ecological damage to fisheries.References used:Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes, 2nd. ed. Saunders College Publishing, Fort WorthPaxton, J. R. and W. N. Eschmeyer. 1998. Encyclopedia of fishes 2nd ed. Academic Press.WFB 232 IchthyologyAnatomy assignmentBriefly define the following, or describe where in a fish you would find it:e.g. hemal arch: “on ventral side of caudal vertebrae”, or “arch of bone on ventral surface of caudal vertebrae”maxillanarespelvic finsceratotrichia adipose finhypaxial muscleshypurals operculumotoliths pterygiophores cleithrumcentrumOn what kind of fish would you find placoid scales?What is the function of the zygopophysis and basapophysis?WFB 232 IchthyologyFill in the names of the anatomical parts indicated on the diagram below:Suggested resources: Cailliet, G., M. Love, and A. Ebeling. 1996. Fishes: a field and laboratory manual on their structure, identification, and natural history. Waveland Press, Inc., Prospect Heights, ILWFB 232 IchthyologyJosh AshlineGasterosteiformes – Gasterosteidae, PegasidaeJeffrey AugerGasterosteiformes – Syngnathidae, IndostomidaeSteven BrownPerciformes – Centrarchidae, Percidae, PercicthyidaeSarah GoodrichPerciformes - SciaenidaeLauren HahlPerciformes - MullidaeAnna JohnsonPerciformes - CichlidaeGarret LangloisPerciformes - MugilidaeMeaghan LinehanPerciformes – GobiidaeKayla MalzacPerciformes – SerranidaeAndrew MenkePerciformes – PomacentridaeErika ParteePerciformes – Chaetodontidae, AcanthuridaeTracy SylvesterPerciformes - ScombridaeNeil ThompsonPerciformes – Labridae, ScaridaeHaley ZdyrkoPerciformes - BlenniidaeJake RileyPleuronectiformesWayne BouffardTetraodontiformes – Balistidae, OstraciidaeMatt NeilsenTetraodontiformes – Tetraodontidae,