PHY 203: General Physics III page 1 of 6 Instructor: Tony Zable File Name: Ph203_Lab-magfieldslinky-sum10.doc Experiment: The Magnetic Field in a Slinky OBJECTIVES • Determine the relationship between magnetic field, the current in a solenoid and the number of turns per meter in a solenoid. • Observe how the field varies inside and outside a solenoid. • Determine the value of µo, the permeability constant. MATERIALS • Windows-based PC • meter stick • LabPro interface • DC power supply • Logger Pro • ammeter • Vernier Magnetic Field Sensor • cardboard spacers • Slinky • connecting wires • Graphical Analysis • tape and cardboard INTRODUCTION A solenoid is made by taking a tube and wrapping it with many turns of wire. A metal Slinky is the same shape and will serve as our solenoid. When a current passes through the wire, a magnetic field is present inside the solenoid. Solenoids are used in electronic circuits or as electromagnets. In this lab we will explore factors that affect the magnetic field inside the solenoid and study how the field varies in different parts of the solenoid. By inserting a Magnetic Field Sensor between the coils of the Slinky, you can measure the magnetic field inside the coil. You will also measure µo, the permeability constant. The permeability constant is a fundamental constant of physics. ULIVmVPower supplySwitchAmmeter Figure 1 INITIAL SETUP 1. Connect the Vernier Magnetic Field Sensor to the LabPro interface. Set the switch on the sensor to High.PHY 203: General Physics III page 2 of 6 Instructor: Tony Zable File Name: Ph203_Lab-magfieldslinky-sum10.doc 2. Stretch the Slinky until it is a little over 1 m in length. The distance between the coils should be about 1 cm. Use a non-conducting material (tape, cardboard, etc.) to hold the Slinky at this length. 3. Set up the circuit and equipment as shown in Figure 1. Wires with clips on the end should be used to connect to the Slinky. The clips should be separated by about 1.0 m. 4. Turn on the power supply and adjust it so that the ammeter reads 2.0 A when the switch is held closed. Warning: This lab requires fairly large currents to flow through the wires and Slinky. Only close the switch so the current flows when you are taking a measurement. The Slinky, wires, and possibly the power supply may get hot if left on continuously. 5. Open the LoggerPro experiment file: “26 Mag Field Slinky”, or equivalent. PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS 1. Hold the switch closed. The current should be 2.0 A. Place the Magnetic Field Sensor between the turns of the Slinky near its center. Rotate the sensor and determine which direction gives the largest magnetic field reading. What direction is the white dot on the sensor pointing? 2. What happens if you rotate the white dot to point the opposite way? What happens if you rotate the white dot so it points perpendicular to the axis of the solenoid? 3. Stick the Magnetic Field Sensor through different locations along the Slinky to explore how the field varies along the length. Always orient the sensor to read the maximum magnetic field at that point along the Slinky. How does the magnetic field inside the solenoid seem to vary along its length? 4. Check the magnetic field intensity just outside the solenoid.PHY 203: General Physics III page 3 of 6 Instructor: Tony Zable File Name: Ph203_Lab-magfieldslinky-sum10.doc PROCEDURE Part I: How Is The Magnetic Field In A Solenoid Related To The Current? For the first part of the experiment you will determine the relationship between the magnetic field at the center of a solenoid and the current flowing through the solenoid. As before, leave the current off except when making a measurement. 1. Place the Magnetic Field Sensor between the turns of the Slinky near its center. 2. Close the switch and rotate the sensor so that the white dot points directly down the long axis of the solenoid. This will be the position for all of the magnetic field measurements for the rest of this lab. Figure 2 3. Click to begin data collection. Wait a few seconds and close the switch to turn on the current. 4. If the magnetic field increases when the switch is closed, you are ready to take data. If the field decreases when you close the switch, rotate the Magnetic Field Sensor so that it points the other direction down the solenoid. 5. With the Magnetic Field Sensor in position and the switch open, click on the Zero button, , to zero the sensor and remove readings due to the Earth’s magnetic field, any magnetism in the metal of the Slinky, or the table. 6. Adjust the power supply so that 0.5 A will flow through the coil when the switch is closed. 7. Click to begin data collection. Close the switch for at least 10 seconds during the data collection. 8. Observe the Field vs. Time graph. Determine the average field strength while the current was on using the Statistics button, . Record the average field in the data table. 9. Increase the current by 0.5 A and repeat Steps 7 and 8. 10. Repeat Step 9 up to a maximum of 2.0 A. 11. Count the number of turns of the Slinky and measure its length. If you have any unstretched part of the Slinky at the ends, do not count it for either the turns or the length. Calculate the number of turns per meter of the stretched portion. Record the length, turns, and the number of turns per meter in the data table.PHY 203: General Physics III page 4 of 6 Instructor: Tony Zable File Name: Ph203_Lab-magfieldslinky-sum10.doc Part II: How is the Magnetic Field in a Solenoid Related to the Spacing of the Turns? For the second part of the experiment, you will determine the relationship between the magnetic field in the center of a coil and the number of turns of wire per meter of the solenoid, for constant current. Leave the Slinky set up as shown in Figure 1. The sensor will be oriented as it was before, so that it measures the field down the middle of the solenoid. You will be changing the length of the Slinky from 0.75 to 2.0 m to change the number of turns per meter. 1. Adjust the power supply so that the current will be 1.5 A when the switch is closed. 2. With the Magnetic Field Sensor in position, but no current flowing, click to zero the sensor and remove readings due to the Earth’s magnetic field and any magnetism in the metal of the Slinky. Since the Slinky is made of an iron alloy, it can be magnetized itself.