Homo erectus Biology larger brain flat heated football shaped skull strong brow ridges saggital keel thick bones Homo erectus Culture Acheluian Chopper Complexes Handaxe big game hunter fire clothing 1st hominid out of Africa Homo sapiens Archaic Biology like H erectus slightly larger brain less sloping forehead smaller but broader face and jaw massive brow ridges Homo sapiens Archaic Culture stone tools still handaxes choppers blades construction of shelters Homo neanderthalensis Biology smaller brow ridges increased brain thick walled skull heavy chinless jaw enormous sinus cavitites fall headed bun Neanderthal Culture Buried dead cults Mousterian scraper flake tools spearpoint Two Schools of Thought Out of Africa supported by fossil and archaeological evidence Genetic Evidence Mitochrondial DNA Eve Multi Regionalism hominid populations crossed the human threshold in different regions at different times Homo sapiens Modern Models of Speciation Out of Africa Multi regionalism 250 000 years ago Co existed with Neanderthals Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens Biology large complex brain small face with brain over it chin language narrow heads high forehead greatly reduced brow ridges Homo sapiens Modern Culture Stone tools blade burin bow arrow cave paintings migration around the world