BCOR 11 – Exploring BiologyLecture 1 08/29/05IntroductionBCOR 11 – Exploring BiologyLecture 1 08/29/05IntroductionDr. Mike VaydaDr. Don StrattonTODAY’S TOPICSCourse OperationsPrinciples of Living ThingsProkaryotes and EukaryotesThe Basis for Scientific DiscoveryHypothesis testing through data collectionCourse FundamentalsScope and Purpose:Cellular Biology ModuleMolecules, Cell Physiology, Molecular GeneticsCourse Homepage:www.uvm.edu/~biology/classes/011/Text: Biology, 7thEdition by Campbell and ReeceLecture Schedule, Assigned Readings:www.uvm.edu/~biology/classes/011/?page=lecsched.htmlExams:Sept 23, Oct 19, Nov 14Final Exam week of Dec 10Take best 2 out of 3REQUIREDNo make up examsExam Format: multiple, multiple choicecan have 1 or more correct answersMust come to our sectionsB or DREVIEW SESSION before each exam4. The molecule pictured at right :a. Is an amino acidb. Contains a chiral carbon c. Is a nucleic acid monomerd. Is soluble in watere. Is the left handed form of a stereoisomer paird. Is a building block of proteinse. Is alaninef. Is glutamic acidg. Is glucoseh. Has a polar R-groupj. Was downloaded from Howard Dean’s Web Site1. Water can spontaneously dissociate to form:a. Two political partiesb. H+and OH-speciesc. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic speciesd. Na+and Cl-speciese. Chiral (handed) carbonsf. Membrane-bound organellesg. Ionsh. Hydrogen bonds to nonpolar functional groupsj. Democratic presidential candidatesk. dipolesSTRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSCome to ClassTake notes, ask questions, review frequentlyRead the Book!Office Hours: Vayda - call 6-0555 or [email protected] – call 6-9371 or [email protected] with friends, classmatesTutoring available from Living and Learning6-4075 (Dave DiElsi)Lecture and LabConcepts vs. TechniquesMoleculesWaterMacromoleculesCell StructuresEnergeticsCellular BiochemistryCell DivisionMolecular GeneticsMicroscopyImmunocytochemistryBacterial transformationProtein isolation and characterizationDNA isolation andcharacterizationLectures NOT coupled to LabsGRADING200 pts – hour exams200 pts – final exam200 pts – Laboratory 100 pts – Assignments (through Lab)700 pts TOTALAcademic Honesty-exams-lab write upsQUESTIONS on Course Operations ?Chapter 1 Readings TopicsProperties of Living ThingsTypes of CellsEmergent PropertiesReductionism, Systems Biology FeedbackTaxonomyEvolutionHypothesis Driven ScienceFigure 1.2(c) Response to the environment(a) Order(d) Regulation(g) Reproduction(f) Growth and development(b) Evolutionary adaptation (e) Energy processingWe recognize life by what organisms do:Create orderRegulateTheirDomainControl energy flowProduceOffspringgrowrespondAdapt throughNatural SelectionBiosphereEcosystemCommunityPopulationSpeciesIndividualMulticellular OrganismSystemOrganTissueCELLCELLSub-cellular OrganellesSub-cellular ComplexesMacromoleculesMonomeric moleculesAtomsSubatomic Particles-protons-neutrons-electrons4. Build COMPLEX STRUCTURES from simple structuresmonomers polymersFundamental Life ProcessesFundamental Life Processes1. The CELLCELL is the basic unit of life2. All cells come from pre-existing cells3. Cells Delineate INSIDE from OUTSIDE OUTSIDE compartmentscontrol the microenvironment - MEMBRANES5. Life RequiresENERGY INPUTENERGY INPUT, because of 3 & 4, because of 3 & 4going uphillgoing uphill6. ORGANIZATION (SPATIAL INFORMATION)heredity, cell organization, self-assembly – informational surfacesConcentrate things against gradientsCreate ORDER and COMPLEXITYChapter 1 Readings TopicsProperties of Living ThingsTypes of CellsEmergent PropertiesReductionism, Systems Biology FeedbackTaxonomyEvolutionHypothesis Driven ScienceTwo Broad Two Broad Classes of CellsClasses of CellsProProkaryoteskaryotesEuEukaryoteskaryotesPro = before Eu = truekaryon = nucleusDO NOT HAVEA NUCLEUSNO internal membranesHAVEA NUCLEUSmembrane-bound organellesbacteria, cyanobacteriaarchaebacteriaplantsAnimalsfungiRelative SizesRelative Sizes“Typical” ~ 1-2 µMBacterium “Typical” ~ 5 to 20 µM diameterAnimal Cell “Typical” ~ 5 to 50 µM diameterPlant Cell µM = micrometer or micron =10-6meterMillimicronanoTissuesCellsOrganellesMacromolecularComplexesProteinsMacromoleculesMolecules/AtomsAnimal Cell (Eukaryotic)Internalmembrane-boundOrganellesBacterial Cell(Prokaryotic)NointernalmembranesBacterial cell(ProkaryoticOn the samesize scale: Animal Cell (Eukaryotic)Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain MammaliaUrsusameri-canus(Americanblack bear)UrsusUrsidaeCarnivoraChordataAnimaliaEukaryaFigure 1.14• Classifying lifeTAXONOMY – grouping of organisms with similarcharacteristics Unity in the Diversity of Life• As diverse as life is– There is also evidence of remarkable unityCilia of Paramecium.The cilia of Parameciumpropel the cell throughpond water.Cross section of cilium, as viewedwith an electron microscope15 µm1.0 µm5 µmCilia of windpipe cells. The cells that line the human windpipe are equipped with cilia that help keep the lungs clean by movinga film of debris-trapping mucus upward.Figure 1.16Genetic MechanismsBiochemistryCellular Components,organization, functionThe SCIENTIFIC METHOD1. FORMULATE a reasonable hypothesis to Explain an observation2. TEST the hypothesis with a Controlled, Reproducible Experiment3. ASSESS results of the experiment4. Draw CONCLUSION of “How Things Work”- then test that“[scientific truth]is not a citadel of certaintyto be defended against error;it is a shady spot where one eats lunch before tramping on”L. White, 1968ObservationsQuestionsHypothesis # 1:Dead batteriesHypothesis # 2:Burnt-out b u l bPrediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problemPrediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problemTest prediction Test does not falsify hypothesisTest prediction Test falsifies hypothesisFigure 1.25Next TimeChapter 2: Atoms, Bonding, MoleculesWill begin - Chapter 3: Waterprior to the 17th CenturyLife was considered “super-natural”beyond the Laws of NatureSPONTANEOUS GENERATIONliving things arise de novo = “from nothing”Wet hay gives rise to micemosquitoes come from swamps, ponds, puddlesdecaying corpses turn into maggotsFrancesco Redi’s experiment:ControlExperimentalControlExperimentalStart1 week laterConclusion: Maggots come from flies, not from the decaying meatRedi’s Follow-Up Experiment:Cover1 week Conclusion: maggots are immature forms