Table of ContentsTopic PageCutting ForcesObjective 1Cutting Force Appendices A1 – A13Surface TextureDiscussion of ResultsTable of ContentsTopic PageCutting ForcesObjective 1Procedure 1Data Print-outs, Data Analysis 1 -3Discussion of Experimental Results 3 – 4Cutting Force Appendices A1 – A13 Surface Texture Objective 5Procedure 5Data 5 – 6Analysis / Manipulation of Data- (2 Fluted Cutter) 6 - 8- (2 Fluted Cutter) 9 - 11Discussion of Experimental Results 12Overall Conclusions 12Surface Texture Appendices B1 – B5Cutting ForcesObjective: To investigate the relationship of the cutting variables cutting forces.Procedure: - Set up the lathe to face cut the hollow, aluminum tube, and use LabView to measure and record the thrust and cutting forces.- Measure the inner and outer diameters of the tube.- At a constant feed rate, measure the resulting forces from 8 different speeds.- At a constant speed of 140 RPM, measure the resulting forces from 5 different feed rates.Data: Table 1 contains the values for the cutting and the thrust force for a constant feed of .005 in/rev, and a variable speed. Figure 1 displays the data graphically.Table 1 - Variable Velocity ForcesRPM Setting RPM Measured Velocity Fc Ft(ft/min) (N) (N)140 149.5 0.062 290 17215 228 0.095 275 15.6385 406 0.169 250 16.5585 619 0.258 250 17.5770 811 0.338 275 16900 937 0.39 240 161170 1233 0.514 275 18.51800 1865 0.777 250 14.8Figure 1 – Variable Velocity Thrust and Cutting ForcesTable 2 displays the data for the forces of a constant speed setting of 149.5 rpm or 48.85 ft/min, and a variable feed rate. Figure 2 displays this data graphically.Feed Fc Ft(in/rev) (N) (N)0.0021 170 11.50.0042 250 150.0058 300 150.0073 380 200.0098 390 200501001502002503003500 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9Velocity (ft/min)Force (N)FcFtFigure 2 – Variable feed, Thrust and Cutting ForcesThe graphs of the LabView data from which these values were taken are contained in the appendix as figures 3 through 10 and 11 through 15 respectively. Discussion of ResultsFor an increasing cutting speed, we expect that the cutting forces will go up. The tool must break the part faster; therefore there should be a higher cuttingforce. We do not expect the thrust force to increase since the feed rate is constant. In examining the results, we see something slightly different. The thrust force stays constant like we would expect, but so does the cutting force. The cutting force stays within a 50 N range, from 140 to 190 N and there does not appear to be any relationship between speed and cutting force. We predict that 0501001502002503003504004500 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012Feed rate (in/rev)Force (N)FcFtthere actually is a relationship, but we were not able to successfully measure it with the equipment we used.For an increasing feed rate, we expected that both the cutting force and the thrust force would also increase. This would make sense since more materialis coming off, and more force is needed to do that. This increases the cutting force. A higher thrust force is produced because the tool is being pushed harder into the tool in order to increase the feed rate. Looking at the results, we can see that this is exactly what we get. Both the cutting force and the thrust force increase in a good, linear