I. Black women, religion, and autonomyII. Video: Judith butler on performativityIII. Heteronomativitya. The inversion of heteronormativity in the films of John WatersIV. Drag and “passing”I. DefinitionsII. History of race and ethnicity in the Americasa. The slave trade and the science of raceb. The history of “blackness” in brazilc. The history of “whiteness” in the USIII. Life Chancesa. Educationb. Sleep*start reading “Nickled and Dimed” and reading on OncourseDefinitionsRace: not an objective biological category.Gene frequencies vary according to populations and populations are often geographically distributed.A population is not the same as race.The concept of race does not correspond to any clear pattern of human genetic variation.At best race is an imprecise proxy variable for complex and overlapping genetic and social characteristicsIt’s a social construction based on perceived and culturally significant phenotypical differencesRace Formation: ongoing social, economic, and political processes and practices through which race becomes “real”.History of Race and Ethnicity in the AmericasThe slave trade brought about ideas of racism and discrimination against African AmericansIn the 18th and 19th centuries race science came aboutHuman classificationDivided up in categories and then ranked by superiorityDid racist science emerge before or alongside the slave trade?Either way racist science was justifying the use of human beings as un-free laborDivided into 5 major types of human beings: White European (Caucasian), Mongoloid, Negroid, Native American, South AsianThe definition of “whiteness” has changed and expanded over the years“Blackness”The slave trade brought slaves to America from particular regions of AfricaThey ranged from tribal to State societies, so they did not all speak the same languagesThe majority of slaves went to the Caribbean and South AmericaThey did not think of themselves as a single raceThey did share broad cultural similarities, but there were still many differences between themLife Chances: your probability as a member of a particular social group to attain certain desirable outcomes.Ex) Titanic passengers saved were based on class. First class passengers= 60% Second Class=40% Third Class=20%EducationRace is a significant variable in dropout rates in high school26% higher for black men opposed to white meneven though education is compulsory, education is not understood as a rightdue to lack of resources and government funding½ of funding for county schools are taken from property taxesSleepSocial factors impact our lives in every imaginable wayMore sleep= the better and more healthier you areAfrican Americans sleep a ½ hour less than whitesDue to stress and noisePeople who are poorer, and have higher rates of unemployment are more stressed than those who have more securityFeel like they don’t have any control over their lifeAMST-A 100 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Black women, religion, and autonomy II. Video: Judith butler on performativityIII. Heteronomativitya. The inversion of heteronormativity in the films of John WatersIV. Drag and “passing”Outline of Current Lecture I. DefinitionsII. History of race and ethnicity in the Americasa. The slave trade and the science of raceb. The history of “blackness” in brazilc. The history of “whiteness” in the USIII. Life Chancesa. Educationb. Sleep Current Lecture *start reading “Nickled and Dimed” and reading on Oncourse Definitions Race: not an objective biological category. Gene frequencies vary according to populations and populations are often geographically distributed. A population is not the same as race. The concept of race does not correspond to any clear pattern of human genetic variation. At best race is an imprecise proxy variable for complex and overlapping genetic and social characteristicsIt’s a social construction based on perceived and culturally significant phenotypical differences Race Formation: ongoing social, economic, and political processes and practices through which race becomes “real”. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.History of Race and Ethnicity in the Americas- The slave trade brought about ideas of racism and discrimination against African Americans- In the 18th and 19th centuries race science came about o Human classificationo Divided up in categories and then ranked by superiority o Did racist science emerge before or alongside the slave trade? Either way racist science was justifying the use of human beings as un-free laboro Divided into 5 major types of human beings: White European (Caucasian), Mongoloid, Negroid, Native American, South Asiano The definition of “whiteness” has changed and expanded over the years- “Blackness”o The slave trade brought slaves to America from particular regions of Africao They ranged from tribal to State societies, so they did not all speak the same languages o The majority of slaves went to the Caribbean and South Americao They did not think of themselves as a single race They did share broad cultural similarities, but there were still many differences between them- Life Chances: your probability as a member of a particular social group to attain certain desirable outcomes.o Ex) Titanic passengers saved were based on class. First class passengers= 60% Second Class=40% Third Class=20% Education- Race is a significant variable in dropout rates in high school- 26% higher for black men opposed to white men- even though education is compulsory, education is not understood as a right- due to lack of resources and government funding- ½ of funding for county schools are taken from property taxes Sleep- Social factors impact our lives in every imaginable way- More sleep= the better and more healthier you are- African Americans sleep a ½ hour less than whites- Due to stress and noise- People who are poorer, and have higher rates of unemployment are more stressed than those who have more security- Feel like they don’t have any control over their