ANA 113 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture TISSUE 1Outline of Current LectureConnective tissuesCurrent Lecture1) General characteristics:a) Not highly cellularb) Most abundant tissue in the bodyc) Composed of an abundant amount of intercellular material (ground substance and fiber.)2) General functionsa) Protectionb) Support and bind other tissues togetherc) Provide metabolic needs of other tissues3) General types: (classified according to composition and consistency of intracellular material and type of fiber.)a) Connective tissue proper ( loose, dense, elastic, adipose)b) Cartilagec) Boned) BloodGeneral composition of connective tissue1. Intercellular material (matrix): Composed of:a. Ground substance: serves as a pathway for the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissue cellsb. Fibers: various types which provide strength and flexibility.1. Collagen (principal type): composed of protein collagen, it’s flexible yet strong.2. Elastic: composed of elastin which is capable of stretching.3. Reticular: thin threads, forms a delicate mesh-like network2. Cell types 1. Fibroblast: most abundant, elongated cell which produce and maintains fibers.2. Fat cells (adipocytes): stores fats (lipids)3. Macrophages (phagocytes): engulf bacteria and debris4. Plasma: produce antibodies5. Mast cell: produce histamine and affect the permeability of blood vessels3. Cartilagea. Composed of:1. Intracellular material (matrix)- chrondrotin sulfate2. Cells (chrondrocytes): these cells live in a small place called lacunae3. Fibersb. Other special characteristics1. Perichondrodium- tough, outer covering around cartilage2. Avascular- receives nutrients by diffusionVarious types of cartilage exist (claasified according to type and relative number of fibers within their matrix.) these include:1. Hyaline cartilage: most commona. Forms a cartilaginous skeleton which serves as a model during fetal developmentb. Covers the surface of long bones at a joint- “articular cartilage.”c. Found in portion of the respiratory track2. Fibrocartilagea. Contains more fibers and able to withstand compressionb. Fibers arranged in parallel bundles, increase in tensile strengthc. Found in intervertebral disc3. Elastic cartilagea. Contains numerous elastic fibers for increased flexibilityb. Found in auditory tube, extern ear, and larynx (epiglottis)3.Bone a. Rigid connective tissue that forms the skeletal support of the adult bodyb. Composed of1. intercellular material (matrix)a. organic componentb. inorganic component2. Cellsa. Osteocyteb. Osteoblastc.