HIST 106 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 9Lecture 1 (January 14)The Civil War:- The North lost 360,000 people but they could afford to lose them b/c they had so many people- The South lost 260,000- Lincoln’s government spent 4 billion dollars on building factories and railroads in the North- The South spent 2 billion dollars on things overseas and eventually they money was lost- Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan: a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. - Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction: offered “full pardon” and restoration of property (not slaves) to any white southerner willing to swear an oath of the US and its laws.o This angered the Radical Republicans: a group of republican congressmen who advocated equal rights for the freed men and harsh treatment of the South.- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation: was designed to pull the rug out from the southern economy. Does not free slaves in North or in Border States. Only frees slaves in South.- Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan: he extended the pardons and restored propertyrights to southerners who swore an oath to allegiance. Plan says nothing about voting/ civil rights of former slaves.- Organizations were formed to protect the Southo The Black Codes: laws denying the rights of citizenship of freed black slaves.o KKK: an organization of vandals who assaulted newly freed slaves. Definition of KKK: circle of like minded people 1929 in Bryan, TX last clinching we know of- Civil Rights Bill: gave full citizenship for African Americans- Freedom’s Bureau: agency to provide social, educational, and economical services, advice, and protection to former slaves- Throughout the reconstruction era, black voters made up the Southern Republican Party- “ carpetbaggers”: white northern from Union army who stayed in the South after the war- “scalawags”: southern whites, small land owning farmers and well off merchants and planters- 1869: Congress passed Fifteenth Amendment: guaranteed the right of American men to vote regardless of race- Sharecropping: labor system that evolved after Reconstruction, landowners furnished laborers with a house, farm animals, and tools and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborers’ cropLecture 2 (January 16) Industrial Revolution- 1850: 9000 miles of railroads in the US- 1900: 200,000 miles of railroads tracks- 1867 type writer- 1878: telegraph- 1876: telephone- 1870: The flush toilet by Thomas Crappero Sanitation was changed- By 1900 the US was the world’s leading producerYou need 4 things to industrialize:1. Nationalism: irrational and radical patriotism, a belief that God is on your side; that yourcountry is worth it; place your country ahead of individual;2. A New View of Money: not only is money important, but also are they people that have it3. Legal Structure: that enables you to make money without responsibilities (Cooperate Law) - before the industrial revolution the French gave us legal structure- Debt is inherited – you won’t invest money or industrialize b/c your debt will go to your children ect.- In order to get married you have to give money to the new husband (Dowry); designed to bring in a larger selection of guys- French business men become reserved with money and make the dowry very small- We are getting away from the codes4. Labor: immigrants working to industrialize-- Vertical integration: the consolidation of numerous production functions, from the extraction of the raw materials to the distribution and marketing of the finished products, under the direction of one firm.- Horizontal integration: the merger of competitors in the same industry entailing gaining control of the market for a single product.- Haymarket Square Chicago, May 4, 1886o Attendees: disgruntled workers, immigrants from central/Eastern Europeo Purpose: establish Unions and shorter work days, establish a government of working people in place of politicians and corporate powerLecture 3 (January 21)Immigrants- Brought energy, food, social customs, new words,- When they came to US, only thing they had to change was their language- Old immigration: Came from Western and Northern Europe mostly Germans (protestant)- Others from Southern Europe (largely catholic)- They came to better their lives- Came for:o Economicso Freedom from diseaseo Propagandao Social Equalityo Technology- They make $1.25 a weekSocial Darwinism- Created by Charles Darwin- Driving force of Industrial Revolution- The idea to make as much money as quickly as you can- Explains why some are rich and some are poor- Raised the principal “survival of the fittest”Communism/Socialism- Karl Marxo Wrote “Communist Manifesto”o German sociologist, economist, philosophero Says history moves in waveso Prophesized that man would someday create a paradise on earth. That we wouldall someday live in brotherhood, sharing our talents and our wealth.o Primitive man -> Tribal man -> Feudal man -> Slave owner -> Factory Owner -> The new mano He didn’t foresee that people don’t want to be equal; socialism (greenbox) is the halfway point; Gov’t is necessary for progresso He never foresaw that the working class would be votingo For every thesis, there is an anti theoryo His theories never worked- Gospel of Wealth: thesis that hard work and perseverance lead to wealth, implying that poverty is a character flaw- Jay Gold: “Worst man in the world”- Andrew Carnegie: “Richest man in the world”o Used vertical integration to undercut his competitors by using the latest technology and designing his own system of cost analysiso Wrote “The Gospel of Wealth”Lecture 4 (January 23)Unions- Purposes:o Want safe/sanitary conditiono Want workers compensationo Want government to look out for them in a bureau of laboro Want some sort of collective bargaining- Involve:- Picketing- Strikes- Boycotting- 1865: first Union starts- 1866: first significant Union starts by William Silvis- The Knights of Labor in 1869: Uri Stephens Terence Powderly Wanted a single nationwide union of unskilled and skilled laborers Wanted restriction of child labor Wanted a graduated income tax Wanted more land set aside for homesteading The abolition of contract labor 1886 it started to collapse because of a series of
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