HIST 106 1nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 9 Lecture 1 January 14 The Civil War The North lost 360 000 people but they could afford to lose them b c they had so many people The South lost 260 000 Lincoln s government spent 4 billion dollars on building factories and railroads in the North The South spent 2 billion dollars on things overseas and eventually they money was lost Lincoln s 10 Percent Plan a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction offered full pardon and restoration of property not slaves to any white southerner willing to swear an oath of the US and its laws o This angered the Radical Republicans a group of republican congressmen who advocated equal rights for the freed men and harsh treatment of the South 1863 Emancipation Proclamation was designed to pull the rug out from the southern economy Does not free slaves in North or in Border States Only frees slaves in South Andrew Johnson s Reconstruction Plan he extended the pardons and restored property rights to southerners who swore an oath to allegiance Plan says nothing about voting civil rights of former slaves Organizations were formed to protect the South o The Black Codes laws denying the rights of citizenship of freed black slaves o KKK an organization of vandals who assaulted newly freed slaves Definition of KKK circle of like minded people 1929 in Bryan TX last clinching we know of Civil Rights Bill gave full citizenship for African Americans Freedom s Bureau agency to provide social educational and economical services advice and protection to former slaves Throughout the reconstruction era black voters made up the Southern Republican Party carpetbaggers white northern from Union army who stayed in the South after the war scalawags southern whites small land owning farmers and well off merchants and planters 1869 Congress passed Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed the right of American men to vote regardless of race Sharecropping labor system that evolved after Reconstruction landowners furnished laborers with a house farm animals and tools and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborers crop Lecture 2 January 16 Industrial Revolution 1850 9000 miles of railroads in the US 1900 200 000 miles of railroads tracks 1867 type writer 1878 telegraph 1876 telephone 1870 The flush toilet by Thomas Crapper o Sanitation was changed By 1900 the US was the world s leading producer You need 4 things to industrialize 1 Nationalism irrational and radical patriotism a belief that God is on your side that your country is worth it place your country ahead of individual 2 A New View of Money not only is money important but also are they people that have it 3 Legal Structure that enables you to make money without responsibilities Cooperate Law before the industrial revolution the French gave us legal structure Debt is inherited you won t invest money or industrialize b c your debt will go to your children ect In order to get married you have to give money to the new husband Dowry designed to bring in a larger selection of guys French business men become reserved with money and make the dowry very small We are getting away from the codes 4 Labor immigrants working to industrialize Vertical integration the consolidation of numerous production functions from the extraction of the raw materials to the distribution and marketing of the finished products under the direction of one firm Horizontal integration the merger of competitors in the same industry entailing gaining control of the market for a single product Haymarket Square Chicago May 4 1886 o Attendees disgruntled workers immigrants from central Eastern Europe o Purpose establish Unions and shorter work days establish a government of working people in place of politicians and corporate power Lecture 3 January 21 Immigrants Brought energy food social customs new words When they came to US only thing they had to change was their language Old immigration Came from Western and Northern Europe mostly Germans protestant Others from Southern Europe largely catholic They came to better their lives Came for o Economics o Freedom from disease o Propaganda o Social Equality o Technology They make 1 25 a week Social Darwinism Created by Charles Darwin Driving force of Industrial Revolution The idea to make as much money as quickly as you can Explains why some are rich and some are poor Raised the principal survival of the fittest Communism Socialism Karl Marx o Wrote Communist Manifesto o German sociologist economist philosopher o Says history moves in waves o Prophesized that man would someday create a paradise on earth That we would all someday live in brotherhood sharing our talents and our wealth o Primitive man Tribal man Feudal man Slave owner Factory Owner The new man o He didn t foresee that people don t want to be equal socialism greenbox is the halfway point Gov t is necessary for progress o He never foresaw that the working class would be voting o For every thesis there is an anti theory o His theories never worked Gospel of Wealth thesis that hard work and perseverance lead to wealth implying that poverty is a character flaw Jay Gold Worst man in the world Andrew Carnegie Richest man in the world o Used vertical integration to undercut his competitors by using the latest technology and designing his own system of cost analysis o Wrote The Gospel of Wealth Lecture 4 January 23 Unions Purposes o Want safe sanitary condition o Want workers compensation o Want government to look out for them in a bureau of labor o Want some sort of collective bargaining Involve Picketing Strikes Boycotting 1865 first Union starts 1866 first significant Union starts by William Silvis The Knights of Labor in 1869 Uri Stephens Terence Powderly Wanted a single nationwide union of unskilled and skilled laborers Wanted restriction of child labor Wanted a graduated income tax Wanted more land set aside for homesteading The abolition of contract labor 1886 it started to collapse because of a series of unsuccessful strikes Public saw them as too violent Fell apart because of Hay Market Square Riot New union American Federation of Labor o Founded by Samuel Gompers o He disregarded immigrants and unskilled working claiming they were impossible to organize and manage o Wanted to bargain with employers for better working conditions higher wages and shorter hours o Workers