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Purdue HORT 30600 - Study Notes

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1Reading 23-3Herbalists’ SymbolsREADING 23-3Source: Mastering Herbalism, Paul Huson. Stein and Day, New York. 1974. p. 31.2Reading 23-3Herbal NotesPhysica (Hidegarde of Bingin)1. First book in which woman discusses plants in relation to medical properties. Emphasis on medicine. includes recipes, diseases, cures, folk remedies.2. Earliest book on natural history in Germany; infl uenced German Fathers of Botany3. Strongly concerned with science in contrast to other mystical and theological works4. Lists plants not translatable into Latin and thus fi rst mention of German nameOn Plants (Albertus Magnus)= Albert of Bollstadt (1193–1280)1. Scholastic philosopher2. St. Thomas Aquinas one of his pupils3. Worked on morphology, distinguishes between thorns (stem structures) and prickles (surface or-gans)4. “The plant is a living being, and its life principle is the vegetable soul, whose function is limited to nourishment, growth and reproduction–feeling, desire, sleep, and sexuality, properly so called, being unknown in the plant world.”5. Felt that species were mutable, pointed out that cultivated plants might run wild and become degen-erate while wild plants might be domesticated.6. Temperate tone on medical virtuesCommentarii of Mattioli1. Famous herbal, many translations, at least 45 editions2. First published 15443. Exposition of Dioscorides but also all plants known to Mattioli4. Later editions had beautiful fi gures5. Did not have an expert knowledge of plantsHerbarium Vivae Icones of Otto Brunfels1. Modern age of botany began in 1530 with Living Images of Plants2. Realistic and beautiful plant picutues, unequaled by Hans von Weiditz3. Sequence based on when illustrations completed thus nonscientifi c4. Watercolors recently founds in in 1930s.5. Text inferior to pictures, bookish Kreuter Buch of Jerome BochBook discusses characteristics of plants in Germany; a new directions and thus a truly modern work.1. Developed system of botany, arranged plants into categories2. Wrote in a clear manner, understandable to laymen. Listed mode of occurrence and localities for plants mentioned. Thus a kind of Flora. Seems to have been a keen collector. Free from credu-lity. 3. Later editions supplied with pictures from Brunfels and Fuchs4. Written in German5. 1539 New Kreuterbuch later Kreuter BuchDe Historia Stirpium of Leonhard Fuchs (Stirpium = plants)1. Interested in bringing reforms in German medicine2. Careful matching fi gures with illustrations3. Indices in Greek, Latin, traditional herbal names, and German3Reading 23-34. Used masculine and feminine terminology for stronger and weaker5. Good illustrations done under the supervision of Fuchs6. First mention of maizeCruydeboeck (Dodoens)1. Continued traditions established by Bock of investigation local fl ora and realized that plants of Europe were not all described by the ancients. 2. Books of Dodoens Clusius, and Obel are interrelated3. Studies plants of the Netherlands4. Cruydeboeck, 1554, basis for other works...eventually Stirpium historiae en pemptades sex. Folio volume of 900 pages, 1309 woodcuts, six copies from Juliana Acicia codex. Borrowed from wood-cuts used for Fuchs.5. Condemmed Doctrine of Signatures6. Basis of Nievve Herbal of Henry Lyte in 1578. Histoire des Plantes 1557 (L’Ecluse=Clusius)1. Studies plants of Austria Hungary and Spain.2. Great powers of observation, added 600 known plants3. French translation of Cruydeboeck4. Interested in plants for their own sake; not preoccupied with medical side of plants.Stirpium Adversaria Nova (Mathias de l’Obel)1. Studies plants of Southern France2. Main work Stirpium Adversaria Nova published in 1570 with Pena.3. Distinguishes plants by leaves.Nievve Herball Henry Lyte1. Based on the French version of Dodoens’ Cruydeboeck of 1554 made by l’Ecluse in 1557. No mere mechanical translation but work is annotated and corrected with references to l’Obel and Turner.Herball (William Turner) 1st part in 1551 (London) 2nd in 1562 (Cologne) 3rd in 1568.1. Figures of Fuchs.2. Independent thinker, scorned superstition3. Respectful of Ancients but not slavish4. Father of English BotanyHerball John Gerard(e) 1. Most famous English herbal2. 1636 edition augmented by Thomas JohnstonA Physical Directory (translation) (Nicolas Culpepper)1. Absurdities initiated reforms, but many editions.2. Refers to Doctors: A company of proud insulting, domineering Doctors, whose wits were born above 500 years before


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Purdue HORT 30600 - Study Notes

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