The origin of life from primordial planetsCarl H. Gibson1, Rudolph E. Schild2and N. Chandra Wickramasinghe31University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USAe-mail: [email protected] for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAe-mail: [email protected]ff Centre for Astrobiology, 24 Llwynypia Road, Lisvane, Cardiff CF14 0SY, UKe-mail: [email protected]: The origin of life and the origin of the Universe are among the most important problemsof science and they might be inextricably linked. Hydro-gravitational-dynamics cosmology predictshydrogen–helium gas planets in clumps as the dark matter of galaxies, with millions of planets per star.This unexpected prediction is supported by quasar microlensing of a galaxy and a flood of new data fromspace telescopes. Supernovae from stellar over-accretion of planets produce the chemicals (C, N, O, P,etc.) and abundant liquid-water domains required for first life and the means for wide scattering of lifeprototypes. Life originated following the plasma-to-gas transition between 2 and 20 Myr after the bigbang, while planetary core oceans were between critical and freezing temperatures, and interchanges ofmaterial between planets constituted essentially a cosmological primordial soup. Images from optical,radio and infrared space telescopes suggest life on Earth was neither first nor inevitable.Received 15 June 2010, accepted 9 August 2010Key words : Cosmology, astrobiology, primordial planets, dark matter.IntroductionAfter a long and careful study of cosmic panspermia withone of the authors (NCW), Fred Hoyle suggested in 1980 that‘… the cosmic quality of microbiology will seem as obviousto future generations as the Sun being the centre of theSolar System seems obvious to the present generation …’(Wickramasinghe 2005). Panspermia is the ancient ideathat life seeds are distributed everywhere in the cosmos(Anaxoragas, 500 BC). Panspermia theories (Hoyle &Wickramasinghe 1977, 1982, 2000) and the field of astro-biology have been greatly hampered by the lack of feasiblemechanisms for the large-scale transmission of micro-biological information between planets within the standard(LCDMHC) cosmological model where planets are producedby stars and stars are produced by gas. The collision timebetween planets of different stars of a galaxy by the cold-dark-matter (CDM) hierarchical clustering (HC) model withdark energy (L) is roughly a billion times the age of thepresent Universe. Because a key result of hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) is that the dark matter of galaxies is denseclumps of ancient planets, each of which is a potential hostfor life, this first-order argument against astrobiologyand cosmological panspermia (Wickramasinghe et al . 2004 ;Wickramasinghe & Napier 2008; Wickramasinghe 2010) isremoved.The LCDMHC (the standard cosmological model) showsthat it is highly improbable that life could be widely trans-ferred in the cosmos, and impossible for life to begin. Theextreme complexity of the simplest living microorganismsuggests spontaneous creation (abiogenesis on any local non-cosmological scale) is impossible without templates. HGD(Gibson 1996; Nieuwenhuizen et al. 2009) provide the fluidmechanical processes and the large time periods thatLCDMHC lacks for life on Earth to exist in its present state.Galaxy microlensing of a quasar discussed by one the authors(RES) reveals planetary mass twinkling frequencies thatsupport the conclusion that planets constitute the missingmass of galaxies (Schild 1996). HGD cosmology predicts thatthe optimum time for first life to appear is soon after plasmabecame gas 13.7 Gyr ago (Gibson & Wickramasinghe 2010).HGD suggests that the early seeds of life should be rapidlyand widely scattered on cosmic scales and collected grav-itationally by the trillion planets expected within each clump.Evaporated atmospheres of the frozen gas planets are photo-ionized to detectably large scales in planetary nebula, such asHelix. An Oort-type cloud of long-period comets is revealedin Fig. 1 to actually be proto-comet planets at the boundaryof a cavity in the proto-globular star cluster (PGC) clump ofdark matter planets of size reflecting the large primordialmass density of the planets and the mass of the star or binarystar formed in the centre that have converted the H–Hecomets to a rapidly spinning carbon white dwarf.Evidence from new telescopes, and improved old tele-scopes, show the standard cosmological model LCDMHCrequires major modification to include the effects of modernfluid mechanics (Gibson 2009a, b). Including viscosity, diffu-sivity and stratified turbulent transport processes requires aInternational Journal of Astrobiology, Page 1 of 16doi:10.1017/S1473550410000352 f Cambridge University Press 20101new cosmology started by big-bang turbulence and its fossils.From HGD, CDM does not exist and neither does the stan-dard (non-turbulent, inviscid) dark energy (L) invented byEinstein to produce a static universe by anti-gravity. FromHGD, the dark matter of galaxies is primordial planets inclumps that dominate the mass of the interstellar medium andthe formation, evolution and death of stars. The mass of non-baryonic dark matter (NBDM) appears to be y30 timesmore, in the form of primordial neutrinos, and is weaklycollisional and very hot, diffused away from 1022m galaxyhalo scales to 1023m galaxy cluster halo scales and larger.Such matter is dynamically irrelevant to galaxy and starevolution.According to our favoured, and in our view correct, cos-mological model, HGD, planets form all the stars, as well astheir comets, in a sequence of powerful binary mergers thatcontinually recycle life seeds, fertilizer and ecosystems. Thisalso, incidentally, explains why most stars are binary. Radiotelescope signals from these 105-times-a-day events haverecently been detected (Ofek et al. 2010) and identified aseither an inexplicable galactic population of neutron starsor nearby exotic interstellar explosions without optical orinfrared counterparts. The gravitational explosive power ofa 10-Jupiter merger occurring in a three-month period cor-responds to that of a million suns, and can account for theradio telescope signals observed, and also produce the re-cycling of materials of the larger and smaller objects pro-duced. Together the planets, moons and comets of a PGCcollect and redistribute life-giving stardust and life prototypesthroughout the