AccessibilityWhat are accessibility concerns?Why make pages more accessible?Accessibility StrategiesCertified Windows Logo - 1Certified Windows Logo - 2Certified Windows Logo - 3Accessible Design Guidelines - 1Accessible Design Guidelines - 2MS Accessibility Guidelines - 1MS Accessibility Guidelines - 2MS Accessibility Guidelines - 3MS Accessibility Guidelines - 4MS Accessibility Guidelines - 5MS Accessibility Guidelines - 6Accessible Web DesignGood ALT text for all graphicsProper use of image mapsUseful link textGood keyboard navigationAlternatives to all controls and appletsAlternate pages that do not use framesProper use of tables and their alternatives - 1Proper use of tables and their alternatives - 2Support the reader's formatting optionsDo not require the use of style sheetsFile formats the reader can useAvoid scrolling marqueesProvide titles for most objectsWebEx Examples http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis577/ppt/webex.pptIBM Examples http://www-03.ibm.com/able/guidelines/web/accessweb.htmlTesting for Accessibility - 1Testing for Accessibility - 2MS Active AccessibilityMS Active AccessibilityActive Accessibility Developers - 1Active Accessibility Developers - 2Resources - 1Resources - 201/14/19 1AccessibilityCIS 577Bruce R. MaximUM-Dearborn01/14/19 2What are accessibility concerns?•Low visual acuity•Color blindness•Deafness•Language impairments•Cultural differences01/14/19 3Why make pages more accessible?•Reach as many readers as possible•Automation tools and search engines work better•Concern over customer alienation•Business, government, and education may need to comply with new regulations requiring purchase of accessible applications.01/14/19 4Accessibility Strategies•Adhere to accessibility guidelines•Test for accessibility•Provide alternate pages to accommodate users with varying needs01/14/19 5Certified Windows Logo - 1•Support standard system size, color, font, and input settings. –This provides a consistent user interface (UI) across all applications on the user's system.•Ensure compatibility with the High Contrast option. –Users desiring a high degree of legibility select the High Contrast option. –When this option is selected several restrictions are imposed upon the application.01/14/19 6Certified Windows Logo - 2•Provide documented keyboard access to all features. –This allows the user to interact with the application without requiring a pointing device, such as a mouse.•Provide notification of the keyboard focus location. –This requirement enables use of the Magnifier and Narrator accessibility aids.01/14/19 7Certified Windows Logo - 3•Convey no information by sound alone.–Applications that convey information by sound must provide other options to express this information.01/14/19 8Accessible Design Guidelines - 1•Flexibility. –Provide your customers with a flexible, customizable user interface that accommodates a variety of user needs and preferences.•Choice of input methods. –Provide users with keyboard access to all features and simple mouse click access for common tasks.•Choice of output methods. –Provide users with the ability to choose discrete and redundant output combinations of sound, visuals, text, and graphics.01/14/19 9Accessible Design Guidelines - 2•Consistency. –Make your applications interact with other applications and system standards in a consistent, predictable manner.•Compatibility with accessibility aids.–Whenever possible, build your applications using standard and common user interface elements that are compatible with accessibility aids.01/14/19 10MS Accessibility Guidelines - 1•Color–Use color to enhance, emphasize, or reiterate information shown by other means rather than as the sole means to convey information.•Exposing keyboard focus.–Many accessibility aids need to identify the location of the keyboard focus in order to pass that information to users. –Screen-magnification utilities pan to include the text or object being read, enlarging that portion of the screen.01/14/19 11MS Accessibility Guidelines - 2•Exposing screen elements. –Accessibility aids use Windows messages, Active Accessibility, and off-screen models to collect information about objects on the screen.–Accessible applications must expose information about their screen content using Windows messages or Active Accessibility.•General user interface. –A fundamental rule of accessible design is to provide a user interface that is flexible enough to accommodate the user's needs and preferences.01/14/19 12MS Accessibility Guidelines - 3•Keyboard input. –Keyboard access is a fundamental part of the Microsoft Windows interface standards and is expected of all applications. –A well-designed keyboard interface helps users with a wide range of disabilities and those who simply prefer keyboard input.•Layout. –To assist users who cannot see an object's context on the screen, assign each object a unique and descriptive label.01/14/19 13MS Accessibility Guidelines - 4•Miscellaneous. –Avoid making the user insert or swap disks, including disks and CD-ROMs.•Mouse input. –Well-designed mouse support makes applications easier to use for many people.•Multitasking. –Applications should be designed to work well with other applications, including accessibility aids.01/14/19 14MS Accessibility Guidelines - 5•Size. –The size of text and graphics affects both accessibility and usability. –Allow users to size objects on the screen and follow system metrics for preset user preferences.•Sound. –Users with hearing impairments, users working in noisy environments, and users working in environments that require low sound volumes require alternatives to sound.01/14/19 15MS Accessibility Guidelines - 6•Timings. –All timed events should be adjustable by the user. –Users with difficulty reading and reacting to briefly displayed information can successfully perform tasks related to timings.01/14/19 16Accessible Web Design•Accessible Web design is good Web design. •Much of the information on the Web is not accessible to people with disabilities because of poor design. •While many Web site managers and developers take into consideration various browser constraints, for the most part Web developers do not realize they are developing sites that people with disabilities have difficulty navigating.01/14/19 17Good ALT text for