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UIUC IB 203 - THE BIOME CONCEPT

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LECTURE 2 CH 5 THE BIOME CONCEPT MAJOR CONCEPTS1. Land plant (and animal) life have predictable distributions across the earth.2. Climate, especially prevailing temperature and precipitation, is the major determinant of plant distributions.3. Variation in topography and soils influence local distributions of plants.4. Life in aquatic habitats corresponds to variation in physical factors, such as light, temperature, and water movements, and to chemical factors, such as salinity, nutrients, and oxygen.5. Unrelated organisms in similar environments evolve a resemblance to each other. Biome: Large-scale distributions of life forms (ICA 2) Concept map based on physical factors: What factor distinguishes habitats? Aquatic: streams + rivers, lakes, oceans 104-110 Variation in aquatic habitats due to variation in: physical factors (light, temperature, water movement/depth) 5.20, 5.22 chemical factors (salinity, nutrients oxygen)Human inputs( acid rain; nutrients + eutrophication) 108 Terrestrial-aquatic interface Mangrove, salt marsh, estuary, swamp, marsh, bog/fen (ICA 2) Concept map of features that distinguish these habitats: salinity, woody vs. herbaceous, tropical vs. temperate, drainage, pH Land and water habitats not isolated; dynamic exchange of energy and matter Terrestrial ***(Learn this material prior to lecture 95-104)*** (ICA 2 ) Concept map: 4 variables that distinguish biomes: growth form, seasonality of leaves, leaf morphology, latitude ID biomes encountered E to W in North America Fig. 5.8 ID pictures of biomes worldwide Fig. 5.9-5.17 ID locations of biomes worldwide Fig. 5.8Proximal causes of distributions of biomes 89-95 Major cause: climate (temperature, precipitation, and their seasonality) 5.2, 5.3 (ICA) Additional causes: soil, fire, grazing, topography affect local-scale distributionClimate (Precipitation and Temperature) and Biomes Whittaker: scheme of average P and T predicts biomes 5.5 Walter’s climagrams of P and T for Boreal polar: average annual T = < 5C Temperate: 5-20C Tropical: > 20C Each climate zone has typical seasonal pattern of P and T Biome determined first by T, then P, then seasonality ID biome from climagram 5.6, 5.7 Localities worldwide with similar climates have similar biomes 5.8Convergent evolution 87; 5.1; 21.11 If form and function match climatic environment, then unrelated organisms in similar environments evolve similar form and function. Assume: Genetic variation exists for such evolution.Summary 110-111; Review Questions


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UIUC IB 203 - THE BIOME CONCEPT

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