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OSU BA 471 - LECTURE NOTES

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AbstractPurpose of the W3CInfluencesRelationships with Other OrganizationsInfluence on the WebBusiness Processes: ParticipantsAdvisory CommitteeGroupsWorking GroupsInterest GroupsTechnical Architecture GroupAdvisory BoardTeamBusiness Processes: Document Development ProcessRecommendationsNotesWorking DraftsCandidate RecommendationsProposed RecommendationsW3C RecommendationsImplementation of RecommendationsWorks CitedSETH STEILINGLINDSEY ARMSTRONGDEBBIE LEWISBA 471: M.I.S.DR. RENÉ F. REITSMA6.8.2006- 0 -ABSTRACT 1PURPOSE OF THE W3C 2INFLUENCES 3Relationships with Other Organizations 3Influence on the Web 4BUSINESS PROCESSES: PARTICIPANTS 5Advisory Committee 5Groups 5Working Groups 5Interest Groups 6Technical Architecture Group 6Advisory Board 7Team 7BUSINESS PROCESSES: DOCUMENT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 8Recommendations 8Notes 8Working Drafts 8Candidate Recommendations 8Proposed Recommendations 9W3C Recommendations 9Implementation of Recommendations 9Works Cited 10ABSTRACTThe World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), a global standards body that works to establishrecommendations regarding the design and functional operation of the World Wide Web, is asyndicate of contributors that draws on the input of a full-time staff, member organizations,volunteers, experts, and the global public as a whole. Led by Tim Berners-Lee, creator of theWorld Wide Web and Director of the W3C, the organization has a scope of influence that isbroad and powerful. Its recommendations, which establish guidelines that are suggested ratherthan mandated, are closely monitored and often exactingly implemented by the world’s softwaredesigners and hardware manufacturers. Most individuals involved in computer-related industriesunderstand the importance of consistent standards, and the W3C has taken the lead in creatingthem through a process of collaboration between members and other organizations around theworld.- 1 -PURPOSE OF THE W3CThe World Wide Web Consortium is an international consortium whose purpose is to developWeb standards through recommendations. The end goal of this process is to enhancecommunication and commerce for anyone, anywhere, anytime, and using any device (Jacobs,2006).It is important to address Tim Berners-Lee, not only because he founded the World Wide Web,but also because he founded the W3C. Lee’s greatest contribution was that he made the conceptof the World Wide Web freely available, with no licensing restrictions or royalties due. The W3Cdecided that their standards must be based on the principle of royalty free licensing as well, sothat they can be easily adopted by anyone. If the W3C did not protect its standards with royaltyfree patents, proprietary companies like Microsoft could seize the recommendations, patentthem, and eventually begin to dictate the terms of how the Web operates – all at an expense toother users through licensing fees (Jacobs, 2006).This poses a question: Why would proprietary companies like Microsoft want to becomemembers of the W3C, if the organization’s existence inhibits their ability to make additionalprofit? The primary reason is input. Becoming a member is a way for a company to gain a voicein the development the recommendations for the Web. Membership in the W3C includesadditional benefits to influence, including the fact that it gives organizations the opportunity tointeract and work directly with other leading companies and organizations from the communityof Web-related companies. The W3C also gives organizations the ability to provide strategicdirection to the consortium through review of the W3C activity proposals and operationalpolicies. It also gives companies the right to submit proposals to be considered for futureconsortium work. All these benefits are appealing to companies and attract them to becomemembers of the W3C (Jacobs, 2006).- 2 -INFLUENCESThe W3C has three main governing offices located in different regions around the world. One islocated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, another at the European ResearchConsortium in Informatics and Mathematics in France, and the third at the Keio University inJapan (Jacobs, 2006). The W3C has 16 additional offices around the world to help accomplish itsgoal of improving the Web with standards recommendations. Having a physical presence in somany areas around the world allows for the W3C to operate amongst various cultures, whichdemonstrates that the W3C is not an exclusively Western or American entity. Additionally,utilizing several global locations introduces the advantage of better exposing the needs andvoices of individuals and organizations from many different regions (Jacobs, 2006). With a well-dispersed network, the consortium enjoys exposure on a truly global scale.Relationships with Other OrganizationsThe W3C is able to make a particularly strong impact in part through maintaining a workingrelationship with other organizations in the industry. This is a key factor, because compatibilityand consistency is essential for the Web industry, and in fact the Web as a whole, to operatesmoothly. Whether regarding hardware or software standards, collaboration is an essentialcomponent in bringing the Web together as a functioning establishment. When members cometogether to discuss proposals and working recommendations, they can engage in cooperationwithout having to worry about anti-trust laws, as legally, the W3C is not a tax paying entity (St.Laurent, 2003).Three prominent organizations that play a key role in maintaining standards and influencing theWeb’s adoption of standards through the W3C are the ISO, OMA, and IETE. The ISO, orInternational Organization for Standardization, charged with the actual creation of the“standards” for the Web. The Internet Engineering Task Force is responsible for the developmentof the Internet standards in general and is known for its high level of cooperation with the W3Con projects. The Web Standards Project is another organization that was formed by Webdevelopers to encourage browser vendors to follow W3C recommendations. However, they donot have any official affiliation with the W3C (St. Laurent, 2003).- 3 -Influence on the WebThere is no question


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