Sense of SelfSlide 2Factors Influencing Sense of SelfSense of Self: General TrendsDevelopment of Sense of SelfSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Gender DifferencesChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.1Sense of SelfWho am I? self-concept - beliefs about selfHow good am I as a person?self-esteem - child’s judgment of own worthinessself-efficacy - child’s beliefs about what he/she can accomplishChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.2Sense of SelfHelps children take charge of things that happen to themMotivates behaviorHelps them envision future selvesHelps them make choices to reach goalsChildren focus more on what they do wellChildren behave in ways that mirror self-perceptionsometimes engage in self-handicappingChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.3Factors Influencing Sense of SelfPast behaviors and achievementsOthers’ perceptionsParentsSiblingsPeersOwn perceptions about achievements and comparisons to othersChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.4Sense of Self: General TrendsChildren construct increasingly multifaceted understandings of who they areFeelings of self-worth increasingly depend on peers’ behaviors and opinionsChildren gradually internalize criteria others use for evaluationChildren gradually integrate many self-perceptions into general abstractions of who they areSense of worth becomes more stable over timeChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5Development of Sense of SelfInfancyview self as distinct, lovable beingability to imitate othersrecognizing self in mirrorEarly childhood autobiographical self (personal history)language reflects self: I, me, mine self = physical characteristics, simple psychological traits, interestsoverconfidence, high self-esteemChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.6Development of Sense of SelfMiddle childhood describes self in physical and psychological termsaware of strengths and weaknessesself-esteem generally highcompares self with peersstructures self-esteem into different competenciesacademicsocialphysicalphysical appearanceChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.7Development of Sense of SelfEarly adolescencecan reflect on how they are perceived by othersimaginary audiencebelief in personal fableself-esteem drops (especially girls)begin to use abstract values to describe themselvessocial comparisons continueChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.8Development of Sense of SelfChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.9Development of Sense of SelfLate adolescence develop a more complex understanding of self, with contradictory descriptionsidentity develops over timeidentity diffusionforeclosuremoratoriumidentity achievementChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.10Development of Sense of SelfChild Development and Education, Fourth EditionTeresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.11Gender DifferencesBoth nature and nurture contributeBoys overestimate, girls underestimate abilitiesGirls have greater difficulty accepting criticism Girls more critical of physical appearanceBoys say they are good atathleticsproblem-solvingmath and scienceGirls say they are good atmannerssocial relationshipsreading and
View Full Document