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UCSD BICD 130 - Problem set 1

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Name: Student ID # Problem set 1 (10 questions, 40 points) Please use this form to answer the questions. Questions 1 (concept pairs 3 and 4), and questions 3 and 4 refer to the material that will be covered this Friday (sorry, we ran out of time today). The problem sets are due on Monday, Aug. 13, before the beginning of the lecture! 1. In no more than two sentences define each of the following concept pairs and the connection between them (3 points each pair, 12 points altogether) Example: Concept pair: cleavage – mitosis promoting factor (MPF) Cleavage is the stage of embryonic development that follows after fertilization and is characterized by rapid cell divisions. MPF is a complex consisting of Cyclin B and cdc 2 protein kinase, which is stabilized at the end of fertilization, and is necessary for the beginning of the cleavage stage. Pair 1. Acrosome - species-specific recognition Pair 2. Cortical reaction – bindin Pair 3. Blastula – mesoderm Pair 4. Germ layer – triplobastic animal2. Compare fertilization process in the sea urchins and mammals by filling in the blanks in the following table (8 points, 2 points each blank space): External envelopes of the egg Acrosome reaction is stimulated by the interaction between Polyspermy is prevented by Sea urchins 1. Changes in egg’s cell membrane potential 2. Exocytosis of the corticle granules triggers the formation of fertilization envelope Mammals ZP3 glycoprotein in the zona pellucida and its receptors on the sperm 3. Waves of high internal Ca2+ that sweep through the egg following the sperm-egg fusion trigger dramatic changes in the egg metabolism (besides triggering the cortical reaction). List 4 major differences in the metabolic and genetic state of the egg before and after fertilization: (there are more than 4 differences. Pick your favorite 4). (8 points, 2 points each) A. B. C. D. 4. Which embryonic germ layer has as one of its fates to become brain and nervous system (3 points)A. mesoderm B. ectoderm C. endoderm D. blastocoel 5. What DOES NOT normally happen during gastrulation? (5 points) A. Three embryonic germ layers are established B. The embryo undergoes rapid cell divisions C. The embryo increases dramatically in size D. Embryonic germ layers begin to be committed toward distinct developmental fates E. Cell migrations are a prominent feature of this developmental stage 6. Fill in the blanks (4 points): Cleavage of the sea urchin embryo is an example of _________________ cleavage, otherwise called __________________ cleavage. This type of cleavage is characterized by_____________________________________________________________________. It is typical for eggs containing _____________________________________________. 7. You have isolated a gene, a mutation in which results in infertility in mice. The gene encodes a Ca2+ channel. A. In which two processes it might be involved? (4 points) B. Propose one experiment to distinguish between the two possibilities you’ve suggested in A (6


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UCSD BICD 130 - Problem set 1

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